Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in bone specimens using methylene blue, toluidine blue ortho and malachite green: An in vitro study

Rosa, Luciano Pereira; Silva, Francine Cristina da; Nader, Sumaia Alves; Meira, Giselle Andrade; Viana, Magda Souza

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.010

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such broad-spectrum potential is important given the polymicrobial nature of many clinical infections and would aid in local 'photoempirical' administration for wounds at the clinical triage stage, this being a logical application of photoantimicrobials, allowing conservation of conventional systemic drugs. The efficacy of TBO against bacteria in biofilms [17] and in trialling against suitable conditions/presentations in vivo, such as onychomycosis [18] and osteomyelitis [19] is also encouraging, both for clinical involvement outside dentistry and in the search for improved photoantimicrobial agents.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenothiazinium photosensitisers XI. Improved toluidine blue photoantimicrobials

Wainwright

O'Kane

Rawthore

2016

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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The phenothiazinium derivative toluidine blue O (TBO) is widely employed as a photoantimicrobial agent in clinical trialling, particularly in dentistry. However, its activity against a range of pathogenic microbial species is not significantly different to that of the standard photoantimicrobial methylene blue. In the current study, derivatives of TBO with varying hydrocarbon substitution in chromophore position 2 were synthesised via the established anilinethiosulphonic route, using the mild oxidant silver(II) carbonate to allow substituent preservation.The resulting series of analogues demonstrated the expected increases in visible absorption wavelength and lipophilicity with increasing hydrocarbon content, as well as decreased aggregation for derivatives with bulkier substituents, and all produced singlet oxygen on illumination in vitro. Screening against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens relevant to infection control showed remarkable increases in activity relative to the parent compound, particularly against the clinically important Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, in order to demonstrate clinical relevance, the photoactivities of the new derivatives against microbial targets were compared to conventional antibacterial and antifungal drugs, as well as biocides commonly used for local disinfection. Activity here was also generally greater than that of the conventional agents used for comparison, considerably so relative to the local disinfectant agents.

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Section: Antimicrobial Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenothiazinium photosensitisers XI. Improved toluidine blue photoantimicrobials

Wainwright

O'Kane

Rawthore

2016

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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“…6,11 To develop aPDT against these diseases, several organic dye photosensitizers, such as porphyrin, 12 rose Bengal, 13 indocyanine green, 14 toluidine blue, 15 and methylene blue (MB), 13 have been clinically used. However, these organic dyes have certain disadvantages in clinical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial photodynamic activity and cytocompatibility of Au<sub>25</sub>(Capt)<sub>18</sub> clusters photoexcited by blue LED light irradiation

Miyata¹,

Miyaji²,

Kawasaki³

et al. 2017

IJN

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has beneficial effects in dental treatment. We applied captopril-protected gold (Au 25 (Capt) 18 ) clusters as a novel photosensitizer for aPDT. Photoexcited Au clusters under light irradiation generated singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). Accordingly, the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Au 25 (Capt) 18 clusters under dental blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation were evaluated. 1 O 2 generation of Au 25 (Capt) 18 clusters under blue LED irradiation (420–460 nm) was detected by a methotrexate (MTX) probe. The antimicrobial effects of photoexcited Au clusters (0, 5, 50, and 500 μg/mL) on oral bacterial cells, such as Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , and Porphyromonas gingivalis , were assessed by morphological observations and bacterial growth experiments. Cytotoxicity testing of Au clusters and blue LED irradiation was then performed against NIH3T3 and MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, the biological performance of Au clusters (500 μg/mL) was compared to an organic dye photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB; 10 and 100 μg/mL). We confirmed the 1 O 2 generation ability of Au 25 (Capt) 18 clusters through the fluorescence spectra of oxidized MTX. Successful application of photoexcited Au clusters to aPDT was demonstrated by dose-dependent decreases in the turbidity of oral bacterial cells. Morphological observation revealed that application of Au clusters stimulated destruction of bacterial cell walls and inhibited biofilm formation. Aggregation of Au clusters around bacterial cells was fluorescently observed. However, photoexcited Au clusters did not negatively affect the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of mammalian cells, particularly at lower doses. In addition, application of Au clusters demonstrated significantly better cytocompatibility compared to MB. We found that a combination of Au 25 (Capt) 18 clusters and blue LED irradiation exhibited good antimicrobial effects through 1 O 2 generation and biosafe characteristics, which is desirable for aPDT in dentistry.

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“…MB is an attractive candidate for APDI because of its favorable properties such as its high quantum yield of 1 O 2 , hydrophilicity, low molecular weight, low mammalian cell toxicity and cationic form at physiological pH [6,10]. However, biofilm susceptibility toward APDI can be affected by some specific protective factors such as EPS and efflux pumps [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the present time, phenothiazinium salts, such as methylene blue (MB), are used clinically for antimicrobial therapy [6]. MB is an attractive candidate for APDI because of its favorable properties such as its high quantum yield of 1 O 2 , hydrophilicity, low molecular weight, low mammalian cell toxicity and cationic form at physiological pH [6,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitosan nanoparticles enhance the efficiency of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of bacterial biofilms: An in vitro study

Darabpour

Kashef

Mashayekhan

2016

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

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Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in bone specimens using methylene blue, toluidine blue ortho and malachite green: An in vitro study

Cited by 59 publications

References 33 publications

Phenothiazinium photosensitisers XI. Improved toluidine blue photoantimicrobials

Phenothiazinium photosensitisers XI. Improved toluidine blue photoantimicrobials

Antimicrobial photodynamic activity and cytocompatibility of Au<sub>25</sub>(Capt)<sub>18</sub> clusters photoexcited by blue LED light irradiation

Chitosan nanoparticles enhance the efficiency of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of bacterial biofilms: An in vitro study

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