Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry using an oil-in-water microemulsion with curcumin as a mouthwash

Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with curcumin against Candida species: A systematic review

“…Cur with a concentration of 30 µM decreased the MRCA depending on the irradiation time. For E. coli, the result was similar to MRCA, and the colony growth was reduced by almost 100%, but no timedependent effect was observed [37] .…”

“…Table 1 shows a summary of the final articles. [37] 3.2 Type of studies All the 12 reviewed studies were performed In-vitro or on animal, and no human clinical trials were observed. In addition to the culture medium, two studies evaluated the intervention on the tongue and oral mucosa of mice [28] and G. Mellonella larvae [31] .…”

“…were done in suspension (planktonic) and solid media (biofilm). Five studies used only biofilm to evaluate the findings [28,30,[35][36][37] .…”

“…Various standard species had also been used in studies that may affect their sensitivity to PDT. In some of the reviewed studies, the increase in irradiation time or energy was mostly associated with the fungicidal effects [26,27,32,36,37] . In the biofilm, the radiation energy of 18-37.5 J / cm 2 seems to be effective, although a lower radiation energy is required in the suspension medium.…”

“…were provided from the human oral mucosa including people with AIDS, lichen planus and oral candidiasis [27,33,36] . Six studies used only C. albicans to evaluate the antifungal effects of PDT [26,28,31,[35][36][37] . In addition to C. albicans, two studies used bacteria including Streptococcus mutans, E. coli, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [30,37] One study used seven fungal samples including Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium oxysporum and Zygosaccharomyces bailii [32] .…”