Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate anatomy and morphology of mandibular permanent molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a selected Iranian population. Methods and Materials: CBCT images of 638 first and second mandibular molars (322 of males and 316 of females) were included in this in vitro study. Number of roots and root canals, Vertucci's configuration of each root, radix paramolaris (RP), radix entomolaris (RE), and C-shaped canals were determined in both genders. Data were analyzed by Pearson-Chi square test using SPSS (V.22) software (P = 0.05). Results:The most common configuration of distal roots were type I for both genders. Among 266 first molars, 97.3% teeth had two roots, 0.75% had RP and 1.87% had RE. All RP and RE were type I. Cshaped canals were found in 1.12% teeth and all were in male population, significantly at the left side (P=0.045). Among 372 second molars, 94.08% had two roots, 0.53% had RP and 0.26% had RE. The prevalent canal configuration of mesial roots was type III (52.96%) with significant difference between right (P=0.006) and left (P=0.049). C-shaped canals were found in 5.64% of second molars and more specifically detected in male group. Significant difference was observed between two genders in the right (P=0.024) and the left (P=0.009). Conclusion: Vertucci's type III and type II were the most prevalent configurations in mesial roots while for distal roots the predominant configuration was type I. RE, RP, and C-shaped channels were not common in mandibular molars between Iranian population and their prevalence were higher among male population.

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Aim: Pain is one of the clinical problems after orofacial surgeries. There have been various studies about the analgesic effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in this group of surgeries. In recent years, meloxicam has undergone clinical trials in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to review the efficacy of meloxicam on postoperative pain in dentistry. Materials and methods: The study design was in accordance with the PRISMA guidance. The keywords according to MeSH and related articles were searched in the EBSCO, MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Then eligible randomized clinical trials articles, which released up to December 2017, were thoroughly reviewed. Results: The nine eligible articles were studied. Meloxicam was administered with doses of 7.5, 10 and 15 mg (oral or intramuscular) before or after the third molar extraction. Meloxicam has a similar or significantly better analgesic effect than some of the selective and nonselective NSAIDs and significantly has a better analgesic effect than some of salicylic acids and tramadol. Conclusion: Meloxicam can be considered as an alternative analgesic agent than some NSAIDs, tramadol and salicylic acids in patients who have undergone the third molar extraction.The best way to pain intensity control following orofacial surgeries has not yet been introduced. According to a common rule, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen or their combination are the most prescribed items for of pain intensity control after orofacial surgery 6,7 .Up to now, many studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different analgesic drugs, including opioids, corticosteroids, salicylic acids and NSAIDs in dentistry. Generally, selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor NSAIDs may be preferred over their non-selective ones in terms of pain intensity control and a decrease in additional Oral Surgery 13 (2020) 188--196.

The current pandemic SARS-CoV-2 (also known as 2019-nCoV and COVID-19) viral infection is growing globally and has created a disastrous situation all over the world. One of the biggest challenges is that no drugs are available to treat this life-threatening disease. As no drugs are available for definitive treatment of this disease and the mortality rate is very high, there is an utmost need to cure the infection using novel technologies. This study will point out some new antimicrobial technologies that have great potentials for eradicating and preventing emerging infections. They can be considered as treatments of choice for viral infections in the future.

Introduction: To maintain the original shape of root canals using instruments with minimum effects on canal location is considered an important step in root canal preparation. Canal transportation is a common procedural mistake in the instrumentation of curved canals. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the central ability and root canal transportation of two types of rotary files in curved canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Method and Material: A total of 40 mesiobuccal root canals of human mandibular first molars with an angle of curvature of 25-35 degrees and radius curvature of 5 millimeters were randomly divided into two groups of 20 canals each. Group A was prepared with Pro Taper Gold and Group B with V Taper Blue. Pre-and post-instrument CBCT scans were recorded. Images were reconstructed and cross-sections were detected corresponding to distances 3, 6, and 9 mm from the anatomic apex using Gambill's method. Statistical analysis was performed with T-test and repeated measure ANOVA. P-value was set at 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed among Pro Taper Gold and V Taper Blue in terms of centering ability from mesiodistal (P=0.304) and buccolingual (0.632) directions. Also, there was no statistical difference across two different instruments in considering to canal transportation from mesiodistal (P=0.581) and buccolingual (P=0.259) directions. However, in centering ability evaluation, each of the two groups showed significant differences in various levels of coronal, middle, and apical root level (P=0.000). Conclusion:The two instruments were similar in terms of centering ability and canal transportation in mandibular curved canal preparation.