Antimicrobial potential of the Ethiopian Thymus schimperi essential oil in comparison with others against certain fungal and bacterial species

Nasir, Mohammed; Tafess, Ketema; Abate, Dawit

doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0784-3

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…showed considerable sensitivity to E. camaldulensis EO, with MIC approx. 0.5% (Siramon et al, 2013;Nasir et al, 2015). Most EOs from Sardinia inhibited growth of A. niger and B. cinerea in concentration of 20 μL/plate, while lower concentrations of the oils, such as 5 μL/plate were ineffective (Barra et al, 2010).…”

Section: Antifungal Effectmentioning

confidence: 96%

Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review

Sabo

Knežević

2019

Industrial Crops and Products

168

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A B S T R A C TEucalyptus has become one of the world's most widely planted genera and E. camaldulensis (The River Red Gum) is a plantation species in many parts of the world. The plant traditional medical application indicates great antimicrobial properties, so E. camaldulensis essential oils and plant extracts have been widely examined. Essential oil of E. camaldulensis is active against many Gram positive (0.07-1.1%) and Gram negative bacteria (0.01-3.2%). The antibacterial effect is confirmed for bark and leaf extracts (conc. from 0.08 μg/mL to 200 mg/ mL), with significant variations depending on extraction procedure. Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil and extracts are among the most active against bacteria when compared with those from other species of genus Eucalyptus. The most fungal model organisms are sensitive to 0.125-1.0% of E. camaldulensis essential oil. The extracts are active against C. albicans (0.2-200 mg/mL leaf extracts and 0.5 mg/mL bark extracts), and against various dermatophytes. Of particular importance is considerable the extracts' antiviral activity against animal and human viruses (0.1-50 μg/mL). Although the antiprotozoal activity of E. camaldulensis essential oil and extracts is in the order of magnitude of concentration several hundred mg/mL, it is considerable when taking into account current therapy cost, toxicity, and protozoal growing resistance. Some studies show that essential oils' and extracts' antimicrobial activity can be further potentiated in combinations with antibiotics (beta-lactams, fluorochinolones, aminoglycosides, polymyxins), antivirals (acyclovir), and extracts of other plants (e.g. Annona senegalensis; Psidium guajava). The present data confirm the river red gum considerable antimicrobial properties, which should be further examined with particular attention to the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity.limited number of antiprotozoal and antiviral agents (El-Taweel, 2015;Irwin et al., 2016). This highlights the necessity for examination of new antimicrobial agents and treatment strategies of infections caused by the mentioned microorganisms.The plant kingdom represents the source of various medicines. Indeed, since ancient times medicinal plants play an important role of health care population and could represent a significant source of new antimicrobial drugs for combating pan-and multi-drug resistant microorganisms. These new antimicrobial agents could be hidden in medicinal plant extracts and essential oils. One of the significant medicinal plants is Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Thus, this review represents the summary of previous researches data, regarding chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and other significant effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis.

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Section: Antifungal Effectmentioning

confidence: 96%

Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review

Sabo

Knežević

2019

Industrial Crops and Products

168

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“…Its effect has also been evaluated in other fungi. Nasir et al (2015) reported growth inhibition of A. niger (100 %) at a concentration of 0.08 µL mL -1 , while Saleem et al (2015) reported 50 % more inhibiton in A. niger and A. flavus at 2 mg mL -1…”

Section: Modelo De Germinación De Conidiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…También se ha evaluado su efecto en otros hongos. Nasir et al (2015) reportaron una inhibición del crecimiento de A. niger (100 %) con una concentración de 0.08 µL mL -1 mientras que, Saleem et al (2015) encontraron una inhibición superior al 50 % en A. niger y A. flavus a 2 mg mL -1 . En todos los reportes, el cinamaldehído es el compuesto principal y el responsable de la actividad antifúngica (Schwab et al, 2008).…”

Section: Fully Bilingualunclassified

Caracterización química, variabilidad composicional y modelamiento matemático del efecto de aceites esenciales en Alternaria alternata

Solis¹,

Aguilar²,

Necha³

et al. 2017

RMF

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Se desarrollaron modelos matemáticos del crecimiento y germinación in vitro de Alternaria alternata en presencia de aceites esenciales. Mediante el análisis de componentes principales, se encontraron similitudes entre ellos considerando su composición volátil. El crecimiento micelial y germinación de conidios de A. alternata se evaluó en PDA con aceites de canela, epazote y limón (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 µL mL-1). Los aceites se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación y comercialmente. Se caracterizaron por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Para ajustar los datos experimentales y predecir su comportamiento se emplearon las ecuaciones de Baranyi y Roberts y logística. Por su composición química los aceites se agruparon en: 1) canela (comercial y no-comercial), en el que predominó el cis-Cinamaldehído, 2) limón comercial (D-Limoneno), y epazote (comercial y no-comercial), con Ascaridol y ρ-Cimeno y 3) limón no-comercial. El aceite de canela (0.5 y 1.0 µL∙ mL-1) inhibió el crecimiento micelial de A. alternata, mientras que, la germinación se inhibió 100 % con la presencia de aceites de limón y epazote (0.25 y 0.5 µL∙ mL-1). Los modelos matemáticos y el análisis de componente principales, son herramientas eficaces para entender el efecto de los aceites esenciales en A. alternata.

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“…However, Sub-acute toxicity study of T. schimperi on mice did not cause major organ damage (liver and kidney) and rise in serum enzyme level as compared with the control group plus the ointment prepared from essential oil of T. schimperi which did not show any abnormal skin irritation up on follow up for 14 days. Destaw, et al [38] also investigated that essential oils of Burning sensations and the most irritation in mice oil was observed during acute oral toxicity study on Alamata (thymol chemo type) oil. The carvacrol chemo-types (Yilmana and Butajira) resulted in reduced growth of mice than did the thymol chemo-types (Ofla, Alamata, Tarmaber, and Bale).…”

Section: Safety Of T Schimperi and T Serrulatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Constituents, Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymus schimperi and Thymus serrulatus

Abera¹,

Debebe²,

Ashebir³

et al. 2019

J Clin Exp Pharmacol

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Background:The genus Thymus is one of the most taxonomically complex genera in the Lamiaceae family and it includes 250-350 taxa (species and varieties). T. serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth and T. schimperi Ronniger are the two species of thymus which are endemic to Ethiopia; locally known as Tosign. According to WHO 2018 report, NCDs (non-communicable disease) are estimated to account for 39% of all deaths in Ethiopia and Infectious diseases also represent a continuous and increasing threat to human health in developing countries like Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, 80% of the population use plant remedies or medicinal plants over centuries.Objective: The present study aimed to review Phytochemical-constituents, Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymus schimperi and Thymus Serrulatus. Method:A web-based literature search was done by using scientific databases including Pub Med, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus. Searching was made using key words: Thymus, Thymus schimperi, Thymus serrulatus, phytochemistry, pharmacology, ethnomedicine, efficacy and safety.Results: T. serrulatus grows in Tigray, Gondar, Bale, in the highlands of Semien Shoa and Wollo whereas T. schimperi is widely distributed in Oromia, Amhara and Southern Nations Nationalities & Peoples Regions. T. serrulatus and T. schimperi belong to the chemotypes Carvacrol-Thymol. Carvacrol (63%), thymol (36%-38%), Thymol (49%) are the major constituent of the essential oil of T. schimperi collected from Bale, T. schimperi from Gonder, Shewa & Wello, T. serrulatus from the Tigray region respectively. Treatment of mice with 2000 mg/kg dose of the essential oil of T. schimperi caused 50% mortality indicating that it's the LD50 is about 2000 mg/kg. However, n-butanol fraction of the aqueous and crude methanol leaf extract T. serrulatus with the oral limit dose of 5,000 mg/kg showed no sign of overt behavioral changes and toxicity where the LD50 were above 10,000 mg/kg. n-butanol fraction and the crude aqueous extract of T. serrulatus has exhibited an increase in urine volume with the highest urine output at the highest dose (1,000 mg/kg) and an appreciable diuretic activity of 94% and 92% respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation:The essential oil of T. schimperi did not cause a rise in serum enzyme level and major organ damage (kidney and liver), but the dose range of 2000 mg/kg causes 50% mortality. The n-butanol fraction of crude aqueous leaf extract of T. serrulatus showed an increase in urine volume with the highest urine output at the highest dose (1,000 mg/kg) and appreciable diuretic activity (94%). Additional chemical isolation, development of dosage form, clinical trial and toxicological study is recommended.

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Antimicrobial potential of the Ethiopian Thymus schimperi essential oil in comparison with others against certain fungal and bacterial species

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review

Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review

Caracterización química, variabilidad composicional y modelamiento matemático del efecto de aceites esenciales en Alternaria alternata

Phytochemical Constituents, Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymus schimperi and Thymus serrulatus

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