Antimicrobial properties of nanomolecules: potential candidates as antibiotics in the era of multi-drug resistance

Kandi, Venkataramana; Kandi, Sabitha

doi:10.4178/epih/e2015020

Cited by 83 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…faecalis exhibits a high level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics like tetracycline, methicillin and vancomycin [68]. Nanoparticles offer huge potential against multi-drug resistant bacteria, and serve as alternatives to antibiotics and conventional antimicrobial agents [69]. Our findings using chitosan-propolis nanoparticles is suggestive of both antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent which can have implications in circumstances where it needs removal of bacteria as well as biofilms, which we encounter in many clinical scenario like wounds and postoperative lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-propolis nanoparticle formulation demonstrates anti-bacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms

et al. 2017

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Propolis obtained from bee hives is a natural substance with antimicrobial properties. It is limited by its insolubility in aqueous solutions; hence ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Malaysian propolis were prepared. Both the extracts displayed antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against Enterococcus faecalis, a common bacterium associated with hospital-acquired infections. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of propolis revealed the presence of flavonoids like kaempferol and pinocembrin. This study investigated the role of propolis developed into nanoparticles with chitosan for its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against E. faecalis. Bacteria that grow in a slimy layer of biofilm are resistant to penetration by antibacterial agents. The use of nanoparticles in medicine has received attention recently due to better bioavailability, enhanced penetrative capacity and improved efficacy. A chitosan-propolis nanoformulation was chosen based on ideal physicochemical properties such as particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency and the rate of release of the active ingredients. This formulation inhibited E. faecalis biofilm formation and reduced the number of bacteria in the biofilm by ~90% at 200 μg/ml concentration. When tested on pre-formed biofilms, the formulation reduced bacterial number in the biofilm by ~40% and ~75% at 200 and 300 μg/ml, respectively. The formulation not only reduced bacterial numbers, but also physically disrupted the biofilm structure as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Treatment of biofilms with chitosan-propolis nanoparticles altered the expression of biofilm-associated genes in E. faecalis. The results of this study revealed that chitosan-propolis nanoformulation can be deemed as a potential anti-biofilm agent in resisting infections involving biofilm formation like chronic wounds and surgical site infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-propolis nanoparticle formulation demonstrates anti-bacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms

et al. 2017

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“…20–22 With regard to the former, the biological activity of nanoparticles per se is dependent on a number of factors, including the core material, size and in particular engineered surface properties such as charge and hydrophobicity. 23–25 The unique properties of nanoparticles have been utilized for identification and targeting of various bacterial biofilms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting bacterial biofilms via surface engineering of gold nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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Bacterial biofilms are associated with persistent infections that are resistant to conventional antibiotics and substantially complicate patient care. Surface engineered nanoparticles represent a novel, unconventional approach for disruption of biofilms and targeting of bacterial pathogens. Herein, we describe the role of surface charge of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on biofilm disruption and bactericidal activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which are important ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) pathogens. In addition, we study the toxicity of charged AuNPs on human bronchial epithelial cells. While 100% positively charged AuNP surface was uniformly toxic to both bacteria and epithelial cells, reducing the extent of positive charge on the AuNP surface at moderate concentrations prevented epithelial cell toxicity. Reducing surface charge was however also less effective in killing bacteria. Conversely, increasing AuNP concentration while maintaining a low level of positivity continued to be bactericidal and disrupt the bacterial biofilm and was less cytotoxic to epithelial cells. These initial in vitro studies suggest that modulation of AuNP surface charge could be used to balance effects on bacteria vs. airway cells in the context of VAP, but the therapeutic window in terms of concentration vs. surface positive charge may be limited. Additional factors such as hydrophobicity may need to be considered in order to design AuNPs with specific, beneficial effects on bacterial pathogens and their biofilms.

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“…This increasing resistance of microbes to antibacterial and antifungal drugs has necessitated the search for new compounds to target pathogenic microbes [29,30]. Several efforts have been made to develop antimicrobial agents to fight against these resistant pathogens among which are the protection of the efficacy and appropriate use of existing drugs as well as research and development of new antimicrobial agents that are not affected by the currently known, predicted, or unknown mechanisms of resistance [31][32][33]. The incorporation of metals into antibacterial molecules is expected to enhance the bactericidal or fungicidal properties of these drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Antimicrobial Properties of [Diaquabis(hexamethylenetetramine)diisothiocyanato-κN]nickel(II) Complex

Tabong

Yufanyi

Paboudam

et al. 2016

Advances in Chemistry

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A nickel(II) complex with hexamethylenetetramine and thiocyanate ion as coligands has been synthesized and characterised by infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure of the complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and the ligands were found to coordinate terminally through N-atoms. The ligand and the complex were screened for their activity against resistant strains of bacteria (Salmonella enteric, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida neoformans).

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Antimicrobial properties of nanomolecules: potential candidates as antibiotics in the era of multi-drug resistance

Cited by 83 publications

References 37 publications

Chitosan-propolis nanoparticle formulation demonstrates anti-bacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms

Chitosan-propolis nanoparticle formulation demonstrates anti-bacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms

Targeting bacterial biofilms via surface engineering of gold nanoparticles

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Antimicrobial Properties of [Diaquabis(hexamethylenetetramine)diisothiocyanato-κN]nickel(II) Complex

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