Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Composition, and Phenotypic Resistance Pattern of Selected Enteropathogenic Microorganism on Ageratum conyzoides (Goat Weed) Leaf Extract

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial properties and phenotypic resistance pattern of selected enteropathogenic microorganism on Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract. Enteropathogenic isolates were collected from Adekunle Ajasin University Health Centre, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State and were identified using Microbact™ 24E Identification kit. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out against the enteropathogenic organism using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, imipenem was active against Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter gerogoviae, with diameter zone of inhibition of 41 mm, 26 mm and 30 mm. ofloxacin were active against Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter gergoviae, with diameter zone of inhibition of 21, 31 and 21 mm. All enteropathogenic organisms shows high resistant rate against oxacilin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, cefoxitin, tazobactam. Antimicrobial screening of the leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides revealed high bioactivity against Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter agglomerans and Proteus mirabilis isolates with diameter zone of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 22 mm at 100 mg/ml. Using broth dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the Ageratum conyzoides (Goatweed) extract range from 25 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. The phytochemical screening results shows that Ageratum conyzoides extract contained alkaloid, pholobotannins, Cardiac glycoside, phenol, tannins, saponin, and flavonoids. It can be deduced from this research work that Ageratum conyzoides has better antimicrobial properties and it contains very important phytochemical constituents which can be a magic bullet to deal with the menace of antimicrobial resistance enteropathogenic microorganism.

Isolation, Identification, and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds in the Ethanol Extract in Bandotan Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides)

“…indicates that secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, and triterpenoids are present in Bandotan leaves. These results are consistent with the results of the phytochemical screening of Osuntokun et al[4], who stated that A. Conyzoides leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, phenols, and anthraquinones.…”

“…Based on a review by Janarthanan et al [3], Bandotan leaves are traditionally used as a wound healer, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, gastroprotective, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiulcer, antioxidant, hematopoietic, larvicidal, mosquito repellent, insecticide, and anthelmintic. Phytochemical analysis of Bandotan leaf extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, steroids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinones [4]. Yusnawan and Inayati [5] reported that the flavonoids in leaf and flower extracts were four times higher than in stem and root extracts.…”

Wild sunflower and goat weed leaf meals composite-mix supplementation in broiler chickens: effects on performance, health status and meat

“…Several studies have shown that phyto-additives containing rich bioactive compounds can stimulate feed intake, facilitate nutrient digestion and absorption in the gut through secretion of endogenous digestive enzymes and enlargement of villi diameters, thereby improving the broiler chickens' BWG (Mohiti-Asli and Ghanaatparast-Rashti, 2017, Oloruntola et al, 2018. Also, GLM and WLM are known to possess antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal properties (Gutierrez et al, 2015;Osuntokun et al, 2018) which can suppress harmful microbes and promote intestinal health and stimulate growth in broiler chicken than the birds fed the control diet and antibiotic supplemented diet as seen in this current study.…”

Uji Potensi Antijerawat Secara In Vitro dan Ex Vivo dari Ekstrak Etanol Herba Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

“…Ekstrak etanol herba alfalfa mengandung fl avonoid dengan kadar total 8,13 %, alkaloid dengan kadar 48,86 ppm dan kumarin dengan kadar 229,83 ppm (5) . Flavonoid dari golongan fl avonol, fl avon dan isofl avon potensial sebagai antiinfl amasi yang mampu menghambat asam arakhidonat yang akan memproduksi prostaglandin (6) serta antibakteri dengan merusak dinding sel, menonaktifkan kerja enzim, dan merusak membran sel (7) . Ekstrak etanol herba alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mengandung flavonoid dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella thypi dan Klebsiella pneumonia dengan metode difusi agar sumuran.…”