Nutmeg oil contains of α-pinene that can be used as sunscreen but it is thermolable. It is necessary to form a microemulsion system for nutmeg oil. This study was to determine in vitro SPF value by and irritation index from nutmeg oil in microemulsion system with Tween 80-ethanol as surfactant and cosurfactant. The system were made with 6.4 % of nutmeg oil and Tween 80-ethanol as with concentrations of 45% (F1), 50% (F2), 55% (F3). The nutmeg oil microemulsion was determined SPF value using spectrophotometer UV. The irritation test was done by the patch test method on rabbit skin with 4 groups of negative control, F1, F2, and F3. The skin was observed at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Quantitative data were analyzed using one way Anova while irritation test data were described descriptively. The results of the sunscreen activity on nutmeg oil microemulsion for F1, F2 and F3 were 8,9 ± 0,12; 9,2 ± 0,51; and 9,3 ± 0,32 (p > 0,05). This SPF value were categorized in maximum protection. The primary irritation index values for F1, F2 and F3 were 0,1±1; 0,3±2,5; 0,1±0; so it can be concluded that microemulsion of nutmeg oil were very mildly irritating.Keywords: irritation, microemulsion, nutmeg seed oil, sunscreen activity

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Nutmeg oil contains α-pinene, which can be used as sunscreen. The combination of Tween 80 and PEG 400 can maintain the stability of nutmeg oil microemulsion. This research was a follow-up study that aims to determine the stability of the SPF value and qualitative chemical content of nutmeg seed oil microemulsions (NSM). NSM was made with a nutmeg seed oil concentration of 6.4% and tween 80 and PEG 400 as surfactants and cosurfactants with variations in the ratio of F1 (5: 4), F2 (6: 4), and F3 (7: 4). Nutmeg seed oil and NSM content was analyzed using GC-MS. NSM formula were tested for in vitro SPF value stability by storing NSM in a climatic chamber at 30 °C ± 2 °C with RH 65 % ± 5 % for 4 weeks. The SPF values were calculated every week. GC-MS data were analyzed descriptively and data of SPF value stability were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA. The GC-MS results of nutmeg seed oil showed 35 components, including significant compounds, namely αpinene, sabinene, β-phellandrene and also α-terpinolene. GC-MS results of NSM showed those significant compounds were still detected after being formulated in microemulsion. The results of the sunscreen activity test of NSM before storage were 10.31 ± 0.03 (F1); 10.47 ± 0.07 (F2); 10.45 ± 0.03 (F3) and did not show significant change after storage for 4 weeks (p > 0.05). The SPF values of NSM were categorized in maximum activity.

Peanut shell (PS) infusion has been shown to be antithrombocytopenia, but there has been no research on safety standards. This study aims to identify the symptoms of toxic effects, the potency of toxicity and histopathology of liver male Balb/C mice after a single dose of PS infusion. This research uses randomized matched posttest only control group design. Twenty five mice were divided into 5 orally dosage groups, ie, PS infusion with a dose of 0,026; 0.052; 0.104; 0.208 g/20gBW; and negative control of CMC Na 0.5%. The observation period is for 14 days. The results showed that single dose of PS infusion had a pseudo LD50 value ie > 0.208g/20gBW which was practically non toxic. Symptoms to watch out for the BW infusion were passive behavior, bradycnea, hair color change, hair loss, and weight loss at doses of 3 and 4. It is unclear whether liver damage ie inflammation, necrosis, and albuminous degeneration caused by PS infusion or other causes.keywords: acute toxicity, infusion, peanut shell