Antimicrobial Protein Response to Prolonged Running

Gillum, Trevor; Gourley, Cheryl; Kuennen, Matthew R.; Schneider, Suzanne

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000400925.96936.ef

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Other studies have reported equivocal results; short-duration, high intensity exercise led to increased secretion rates of AMPs such as SIgA and SLys in active men (Allgrove et al 2008) and prolonged endurance exercise either decreased SIgA with no change in SLys secretion rates (Gill et al 2013, Gillum et al 2013 or resulted in no change in SIgA concentrations (Davison et al 2009, Blannin et al 1998, Li and Gleeson 2005). The variation in the findings of these studies may be due to the differences in exercise intensity, duration and relative stress on the participant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In addition, they observed an increase in SIgA concentration, with no change in secretion rate and a decrease in SLys secretion rates with no change in concentration. Other studies that have investigated the effects of exercise on SLys, independent of hydration status, have reported decreased SLys concentrations (Koutedakis et al 1996), increased secretion rates (Allgrove et al 2008) and no change in secretion rates (Gill et al 2013, Gillum et al 2013) following a range of exercise sessions.…”

Section: Eh Dhmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The influence of hydration status during prolonged endurance exercise on salivary antimicrobial proteins

2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Eh Dhmentioning

confidence: 97%

The influence of hydration status during prolonged endurance exercise on salivary antimicrobial proteins

2015

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“…For example, acute running at 75% of V _ O 2 peak has been shown to increase a number of salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), including IgA (21), lactoferrin (Lac) (1,21), and lysozyme (Lys) (1,21) suggesting a potential enhancement of protection against pathogens, a downregulation of inflammation, or both (40). However, prolonged exercise has been shown to decrease salivary IgA (20,33) and Lys (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, But Not Acute Sleep Loss, Increases Salivary Antimicrobial Protein Secretion

Gillum

Kuennen

Castillo

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Sleep deficiencies may play a role in depressing immune parameters. Little is known about the impact of exercise after sleep deprivation on mucosal immunity. The purpose of this study was to quantify salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) in response to sleep loss before and after exercise. Four men and 4 women (age: 22.8 ± 2; : 49.1 ± 7.1 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) completed 2 exercise trials consisting of 45 minutes of running at 75% VO2peak after a normal night of sleep (CON) and after a night without sleep (WS). Exercise trials were separated by 10 ± 3 days. Saliva was collected before, immediately after, and 1 hour after exercise. LL-37, HNP1-3, Lactoferrin (Lac), and Lysozyme (Lys) were measured. Sleep loss did not affect the concentration or secretion rate of AMPs before or in response to exercise. However, exercise increased the concentration from pre- to post-exercise of LL-37 (pre: 15.5 ± 8.7; post: 22.3 ± 16.2 ng · ml(-1)), HNP1-3 (pre: 2.2 ± 2.3; post: 3.3 ± 2.5 µg · ml(-1)), Lac (pre: 5,234 ± 4,202; post: 12,283 ± 10,995 ng · ml(-1)), and Lys (pre: 5,831 ± 4,465; post: 12,542 ± 10,755 ng · ml(-1)), p <= 0.05. The secretion rates were higher immediately after and 1 hour after exercise compared with before exercise for LL-37 (pre: 3.1 ± 2.1; post: 5.1 ± 3.7; +1: 6.9 ± 8.4 ng · min(-1)), HNP1-3 (pre: 0.38 ± 0.38; post: 0.80 ± 0.75; +1: 0.84 ± 0.67 µg · min(-1)), Lac (pre: 1,096 ± 829; post: 2,948 ± 2,923; +1: 2,464 ± 3,785 ng · min(-1)), and Lys (pre: 1,534 ± 1,790; post: 3,042 ± 2,773; +1: 1,916 ± 1,682 ng · min-(1)), p<= 0.05. These data suggest that the major constituents of the mucosal immune system are unaffected by acute sleep loss and by exercise after acute sleep loss. Exercise increased the concentration and secretion rate of each AMP suggesting enhanced immunity and control of inflammation, despite limited sleep.

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“…One of the unspecific immunological factors (innate) is antimicrobial proteins: lysozyme, lactoperoxidase system, lactoferrin, high weight molecular glycoproteins and other salivary components that can act as bacterial aglutinines (2)(3)(4). Innate human salivary defense proteins such as lysozyme, lactoferrin and peroxidase are known to exert a wide antimicrobial activity against a number of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens in vitro (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many unspecific immunological factors can interact with the antibodies (specific factors), resulting in mutual amplification of their respective activities (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity and Synergism of Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Against Cariogenic Microorganisms

Andrade

Oliveira²,

Yoshie³

et al. 2014

Braz. Dent. J.

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The present study evaluated the antimicrobial in vitro effects of the salivary proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme on microorganisms involved in the carious process, obtaining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469) were submitted to broth macrodilution of lysozyme at 80 mg/mL and lactoferrin at 200 mg/mL. The tubes were read in a spectrophotometer after they had been incubated at 37 °C for 18 h, in a carbon dioxide chamber, in order to read the MIC. A new subculture was carried on agar plates to obtain the MBC. The agar diffusion method was also tested, using BHI agar with 100 µL of the standardized microbial inocula. Filter-paper disks soaked in 10 µL of the solutions lactoferrin (200 µg/mL) and lysozyme (80 µg/mL) were placed on the agar surface. Inhibition halos were not observed on the plates, showing the absence of the antimicrobial effects of these proteins in this method. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of lysozyme on L. casei were 50.3 mg/mL and 43.1 mg/mL respectively. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on S. mutans were 68.5 mg/mL and 58.7 mg/mL. Lactoferrin did not induce any inhibitory effects on any microorganism, even in the concentration of 200 mg/mL. There was not a synergic antimicrobial effect of proteins, when they were tested together, even in the concentration of 42.8 mg/mL of lysozyme and 114 mg/mL of lactoferrin (the highest values evaluated). S. mutans and L. casei were only inhibited by lysozyme, not affected by lactoferrin and by the synergic use of both proteins.

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Antimicrobial Protein Response to Prolonged Running

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of hydration status during prolonged endurance exercise on salivary antimicrobial proteins

The influence of hydration status during prolonged endurance exercise on salivary antimicrobial proteins

Exercise, But Not Acute Sleep Loss, Increases Salivary Antimicrobial Protein Secretion

Antimicrobial Activity and Synergism of Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Against Cariogenic Microorganisms

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