Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes of collected S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates were investigated to examine the epidemiological relationship between field outbreak isolates of S. enterica ser. Gallinarum. Thirty S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates collected from poultry farms with FT outbreaks from 2013 to 2018 in South Korea were analyzed. All isolates were resistant to at least 3 of the 18 antimicrobials tested and exhibited an MDR phenotype. All isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and colistin. One isolate was resistant to 9 antimicrobials. The antimicrobial resistance profile, streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-colistin-nalidixic acid-ciprofloxacin-gentamicin (18/30, 60.0%), was the most prevalent. PFGE types were classified into 10 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for 30 field isolates. The dominant PFGE types were 1 (8/30, 26.7%), 4 (7/30, 23.3%), and 9 (5/30, 16.7%). Interestingly some isolates collected from the same and different companies had the same PFGE type. We reported a high MDR rate in S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates. The present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal spread and cyclic contamination of MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum within the same company. Furthermore, we showed cross-contamination between different companies. The characterization of these isolates would be helpful in the development of prevention and control strategies for MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum infection in South Korea.

Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum in Poultry: Review of Pathogenesis, Antibiotic Resistance, Diagnosis and Control in the Genomic Era

“…The most prevalent resistance profile was against streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, colistin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. This study also highlighted the horizontal contamination and spread of multidrug-resistant strains inside and between different companies [39].…”

“…Another study conducted by Zhang et al (2022) focused on the antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of SG isolates. The isolates exhibiting a multidrug-resistant phenotype showed resistance to at least 3 out of 18 tested antimicrobials.…”

Unraveling the role of type 1 fimbriae in Salmonella pathogenesis: insights from a comparative analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Gallinarum

“…Another Salmonella serovar common in poultry is S. Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum ( S . Gallinarum ), which does not pose an epidemiological threat to humans, but is a serious economic problem in low- and middle-income countries ( Sun et al, 2021 ; Vaid et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). S .…”

JMM Profile: Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum, biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum

“…Whilst SG and SP have been eliminated from the commercial flocks of many developed countries, they continue to pose substantial challenges in many other places, and antimicrobial treatment is often used in control. Recent surveys and reports in China and Korea indicate that the serovar is frequently multi-resistant, with patterns reflecting prevalent local drug usage [23,[32][33][34][35][36]. Depending on geographical location, there is commonly-reported resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides, tetracycline and beta-lactam antibiotics.…”