Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Butcher Shops in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract

Salmonella can contaminate finished products of butcher shops, mainly through cross-contamination of utensils exposed to raw materials. To identify the main sources of contamination with this foodborne pathogen in four butcher shop environments, surface samples were obtained from employees' hands, cutting boards, knives, floor of the refrigeration room, meat grinders, and meat tenderizers (32 samples per area) and analyzed for Salmonella using the International Organization for Standardization method 6579, with modifications. Suspect isolates were identified by PCR (targeting ompC), and confirmed Salmonella isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (after treatment with restriction enzyme XbaI), analyzed for the presence of virulence genes (invA, sefA, and spvC), and screened for resistance to 12 antimicrobials. Salmonella isolates was identified only on cutting boards (five samples) from three butcher shops. Fifteen isolates were confirmed as Salmonella belonging to four pulse types (similarity of 71.1 to 100%). The invA gene was detected in 13 isolates, and the sefA was found in 8 isolates; no isolate carried spvC. All tested isolates were resistant to clindamycin and sensitive to amikacin and cefotaxine, and all isolates were resistant to at least 3 of the 12 antimicrobials tested. The results indicate the importance of cutting boards as a source of Salmonella contamination in butcher shops. The presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains possessing virulence genes highlights the health risks for consumers.

Isolation, serotype diversity and antibiogram of Salmonella enterica isolated from different species of poultry in India

“…from freshwater fish which are not exposed to antibiotic pressure compared to poultry. The resistance pattern of clindamycin was similar to the observation of Cossi et al who also found all isolates in their study resistant to clindamycin [40]. The results of colistin are in disagreement with Osman et al who found most of their isolates sensitive to colistin while we recorded a higher percentage of resistance [41].…”

Antimicrobial Resistance in Farm Animals in Brazil: An Update Overview

“…However, isolates resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline were detected in cutting boards of butcher shops from Minas Gerais State (SE). All isolates were susceptible to amikacin and cefotaxime [129].…”

“…Few Salmonella sp. isolates have been evaluated for antimicrobial resistance due to low levels of their detection in carcasses, production line, and slaughterhouse environment [127][128][129][130]. Salmonella sp.…”

“…The bla CMY-2 gene has been reported in S. Heidelberg and S. Minnesota harboring IncI plasmids varying in size from 90 to 148 kb [36,129,135]. In contrast, this genetic environment is more diverse in E. coli.…”

Influence of lactic acid and acetic acid on Salmonella spp. growth and expression of acid tolerance-related genes

“…A culture collection composed of 79 Salmonella isolates was considered in the present study. All isolates were obtained from previous studies from different steps of the beef and pork processing chain (Table 1; Bersot, 2005;Cossi et al, 2013;Cossi et al, 2014). All isolates were previously identified by serological reactions (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) and stored at − 20°C in tripticase soya broth (TSB, Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, England) added to glycerol 20% (v/v).…”