Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of Enterobacterales isolated from two-finger and three-finger sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus) of Costa Rica

Fernandes, Matilde; Carneiro, C.; Rosales, Ana Maria Villada; Grilo, Miguel L.; Ramiro, Yolanda; Cunha, Eva; Nunes, Telmo; Tavares, Luís; Sandi, Janet; Oliveira, Manuela

doi:10.7717/peerj.12911

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Nevertheless, harbour porpoise samples were retrieved mainly from the Baltic Sea and harbour seal samples mainly from the North Sea, which might indicate a species difference rather than a spatial one. Furthermore, due to the delay in sample processing, it is possible that the number of E. coli was underestimated, although it has been shown that samples collected at larger distances and longer processing periods allow the isolation and characterization of Gram-negative bacteria [ 91 , 92 , 93 ]. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that the delay in sample processing could also be the reason for the observed lack of resistant E. coli in the sampled fishes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Marine Mammals of the North and Baltic Seas: Sentinels for Human Health

et al. 2022

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Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat that involves complex, opaque transmission processes in the environment. In particular, wildlife appears to function as a reservoir and vector for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria as well as resistance genes. In the present study, the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli was determined in marine mammals and various fish species of the North and Baltic Seas. Rectal or faecal swabs were collected from 66 live-caught or stranded marine mammals and 40 fish specimens. The antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes of isolated E. coli were determined using disk diffusion tests and PCR assays. Furthermore, isolates were assigned to the four major phylogenetic groups of E. coli. Additionally, post mortem examinations were performed on 41 of the sampled marine mammals. The investigations revealed resistant E. coli in 39.4% of the marine mammal samples, while no resistant isolates were obtained from any of the fish samples. The obtained isolates most frequently exhibited resistance against aminoglycosides, followed by β-lactams. Of the isolates, 37.2% showed multidrug resistance. Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) mainly carried E. coli isolates belonging to the phylogenetic group B1, while seal isolates were most frequently assigned to group B2. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, no significant differences were seen between the two sampling areas or different health parameters, but multidrug-resistant isolates were more frequent in harbour porpoises than in the sampled seals. The presented results provide information on the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the North and Baltic Seas, and highlight the role of these resident marine mammal species as sentinels from a One Health perspective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Marine Mammals of the North and Baltic Seas: Sentinels for Human Health

et al. 2022

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“…Isolates were characterized considering their macroscopic morphology on ChromID ® ESBL according to the manufacturer’s instructions (bioMérieux, Linda-a-Velha, Portugal), Gram staining, lactose-fermentation capability on MacConkey agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK), and oxidase production. Biochemical identification was performed by IMViC testing [ 97 ] or, in case of inconclusive result by IMViC, API 20E (bioMérieux, Linda-a-Velha, Portugal) galleries were used according to manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESBL-Positive Enterobacteriaceae from Dogs of Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde: A Public Health Concern

Matos

Cunha

Baptista³

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat with an increasing expression in low- and middle-income countries such as Cape Verde. In this country, there is an overpopulation of dogs, which may facilitate the spread of resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. To clarify the role of dogs as reservoirs for the dissemination of this bacterial group, 100 rectal swab samples were collected from confined (n = 50) and non-confined (n = 50) dogs in Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde. These were analyzed using conventional bacteriological techniques for the detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and characterization of their pathogenic and resistance profiles. Twenty-nine samples displayed ESBL-positive bacteria, from which 48 ESBL-producing isolates were obtained and mostly identified as Escherichia coli. Multiple antimicrobial resistance indexes ranged from 0.18 to 0.70 and half of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Isolates were capable of producing relevant virulence factors, including biofilm, showing virulence indexes between 0.29 and 0.71. As such, dogs in Cape Verde may act as reservoirs of resistant bacteria, including pathogenic and zoonotic species, representing a public health concern. Although further investigation is needed, this study proposes the periodical analysis of dogs’ fecal samples to monitor resistance dissemination in the country, in a One-Health perspective.

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“…Swabs were inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion broth and incubated for 48 h at 37 • C [30], after which bacterial suspensions were spread onto MacConkey agar (VWR, Leuven, Belgium) surface, and incubated at 37 • C for 48 h. After incubation, four lactosefermenting colonies, each surrounded by a halo of bile salt precipitation, were selected for further identification [31]. Isolates were tested using oxidase reagent swabs (VWR, Leuven, Belgium) and characterized by Gram staining.…”

Section: Bacterial Isolation and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolates' virulence profiles were assessed using specific media [29,31]. Results were read after incubation at 37 • C for 24 to 48 h, except for gelatinase activity.…”

Section: Isolates' Virulence Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Insights on Resistance and Virulence Potential of Escherichia coli from Captive Birds of Prey in Portugal

Magalhães,

Abreu,

Pereira

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Captive birds of prey are often used for pest control in urban areas, while also participating in falconry exhibitions. Traveling across the country, these birds may represent a public health concern as they can host pathogenic and zoonotic agents and share the same environment as humans and synanthropic species. In this work, Escherichia coli from the cloacal samples of 27 captive birds of prey were characterized to determine their pathogenic potential. Isolates were clustered through ERIC-PCR fingerprinting, and the phylogenetic groups were assessed using a quadruplex PCR method. Their virulence and resistance profile against nine antibiotics were determined, as well as the isolates’ ability to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). The 84 original isolates were grouped into 33 clonal types, and it was observed that more than half of the studied isolates belonged to groups D and B2. Most isolates presented gelatinase activity (88%), almost half were able to produce biofilm (45%), and some were able to produce α-hemolysin (18%). The isolates presented high resistance rates towards piperacillin (42%), tetracycline (33%), and doxycycline (30%), and 6% of the isolates were able to produce ESBLs. The results confirm the importance of these birds as reservoirs of virulence and resistance determinants that can be disseminated between wildlife and humans, stressing the need for more studies focusing on these animals.

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Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of Enterobacterales isolated from two-finger and three-finger sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus) of Costa Rica

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Marine Mammals of the North and Baltic Seas: Sentinels for Human Health

Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Marine Mammals of the North and Baltic Seas: Sentinels for Human Health

ESBL-Positive Enterobacteriaceae from Dogs of Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde: A Public Health Concern

First Insights on Resistance and Virulence Potential of Escherichia coli from Captive Birds of Prey in Portugal

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