Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli from dairy farms in the Sleman district of Yogyakarta province, Indonesia

Abstract

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections are a global health challenge resulting from human contact with infected animals and contaminated farm environments. This study aims to identify antimicrobial resistance patterns of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from dairy farms in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Ninety-three dairy farms with a history of antibiotic use in the previous 6 months were identified. Samples were collected from 6 different sources (feces, milk, wastewater, animal drinking water, feed and rinses of workers’ hands) on each farm during August through November 2020. These samples were cultured with conventional microbiological methods for the isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli. ESBL-producing E. coli was identified in one or more of the sources in 54% (50/93) of the dairy farms sampled. Fecal samples were the most commonly positive (25%) while wastewater, animal drinking water feed, milk and hand rinses were positive at 16%, 10%, 5%, 4% and 3% respectively. Colonies from each positive sample were screened for antibiotic susceptibility test using the Vitek-2 system. Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin were found in 74%, 63% and 48% of the isolates, respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) was identified in 50% (63/127) of the isolates. In conclusion, ESBL-producing E. coli appears widespread in dairy farms using antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance among these bacteria is common in this study area. Further study of the risk of human transmission from contaminated cattle and their environments could benefit the national antimicrobial resistance strategic plans.

Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from several dairy farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

“…Sudarwanto et al (2017) found that out of 129 samples with resistance pattern to penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin and trimethoprim, only 4 (3.1%) were ESBL E. coli. Another study by Maulana et al (2021) on the incidence of ESBL E. coli from several samples of dairy farms in the province of Yogyakarta reported that 50 (54%) were ESBL E coli, dominated by a pattern of resistance to trimethoprim, tretracycline and gentamicin. However, the pattern of resistance to aztreonam found in ESBL E. coli isolates (AS 27) in this study is a new finding that needs attention, considering that aztreonam is rarely used in the treatment of dairy cows in Indonesia.…”

“…In Indonesia, the first occurrence of ESBL E. coli was found in a milk sample from a dairy farm in West Java (Sudarwanto et al 2017). Reported on several samples from dairy farms in Yogyakarta province in 2021 (Maulana et al 2021), from dairy farm feces in East Java in 2019 (Putra et al 2019), from raw milk samples in 2021 (Ansharieta et al 2021), and milk samples from dairy cows in East Java in 2022 (Widodo et al 2022), its was found that E. coli from the samples contained ESBL encoding gene.…”

Risk Factors and Incidence of Escherichia coli Producing Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in Dairy Cattle

“…Nilai ini lebih rendah dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Schmid et al, (2013) dan Weber et al, (2021), dimana terdapat 32.8% dan 63.5% sampel dari peternakan sapi yang mengalami kejadian E. coli penghasil ESBL. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan hasil yang lebih rendah dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Maulana et al (2021), dimana terdapat 25% sampel swab rektum sapi di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta mengalami kejadian ESBL.…”

Potential hazards of multidrug resistance Escherichia coli collected from wastewater on dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia

“…Multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli in rinse water from workers' hands demonstrates the risk of crosscontamination between dairy cattle and workers (Dahms et al 2015). However, the presence of the bacteria does not automatically demonstrate zoonotic transfer between dairy cattle and workers, as environmental contamination, such as by wastewater, may represent an even greater risk (Maulana et al 2021).…”

“…Wastewater is the primary repository for antibiotics and bacteria resistant to antibiotics in the environment, and the environment is where microorganisms with the highest level of resistance to antibiotics are found (Maulana et al 2021). Therefore, E. coli in the environment of dairy farms indicates the potential for disease transmission from the dairy farm environment to the outside environment.…”