Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens among hospitalised patients with severe invasive infections

Abstract

The most severe infections are invasive infections, due to the fact that the germs can accumulate in multiple sites and produce a body-wide infection known as sepsis. Septic shock has the highest mortality rate among non-traumatic medical conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of invasive infections in a hospital environment. Another second objective was to establish the aetiology of invasive infections in our hospital and the antibiotic resistance profile of the germs involved, which are both important for determining the therapeutic approach for the treatment of these infections. The study included 505 hospitalized patients from which we collected a total of 974 blood cultures. For the analysis of the blood cultures, we used an automated incubator. The bottles flagged as positive were subcultured on blood agar, and the grown colonies were identified using an identification system. Invasive infections had a prevalence rate of 27.72% in our hospital. From the 974 blood cultures, we isolated 170 bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (SA; 63 strains, 37.06%), Klebsiella spp. (27 strains, 15.88%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 18 strains, 10.59%), Enterococcus spp. (17 strains, 10.00%), Escherichia coli (12 strains, 7.06%), Streptococcus spp. (11 strains, 6.47%) and other bacterial species. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) in our study was 36.51% from the SA strains. The MRSA prevalence differed significantly according to age (37.50% in adults vs. 28.57% in children, P=0.047) and ICU admission (42.42% in ICU patients vs. 30.00% in non-ICU patients, P=0.018). We performed a multivariate analysis of the invasive infection risk which detected as significant predictors the admission into the cardiology ward and plastic surgery ward. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that the high prevalence of Gram-positive cocci in blood cultures, mostly SA, with multidrug resistance has important consequences for the management of invasive infections.

Clinical significance of serum melatonin in predicting the severity of oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…In oral mucosal lesions, novel therapeutic modalities with natural compounds can be used as a complementary therapy for standard treatment (5)(6)(7). Untreated oral cavity tumors develop both locally and distant severe complications, such as fistulas, increasing the risk of aspiration, as well as challenging the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections (8,9).…”

Clinical and Biochemical Changes Induced by Alcohol at the Patients with Mental Illness

“…This * email: calborean.veronica@yahoo.com; Phone: 0743010289 All authors made equal contribution to the papaer, to the that of first authors. complications might me neurologicaly, oftalmologicaly or hidro-electrolytic [8][9][10].…”

SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19

“…There are data to support the notion that the immune system of individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure, may function in a less effective manner in combatting COVID-19 compared to the immune system of healthy individuals, thus making them more prone to viral and bacterial infection ( Sharifi-Rad et al, 2020a ). In addition, infectious diseases are closely related to hemodynamic changes that can lead to the decompensation of pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure ( Zlatian et al, 2018 ).…”

“…One of the categories of patients most at risk of developing a severe COVID-19 infection is that of cancer patients, where the disease state and the anticancer pharmacological and surgical treatments can induce long-term immunodeficiency which exposes cancer patients to various microbial and severe fungal infections ( Zlatian et al, 2018 ; Maschmeyer and Haas, 2008 ; Tanase et al, 2016 ). In particular, chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic regimens have a direct antiproliferative action towards cancer cells ( Sani et al, 2017 ); however, these drugs, including cytotoxic agents, selective inhibitors and the new immune checkpoint inhibitors, have high toxicity also for normal cells in constant replication such as all progenitor cells and white blood cells in the bone marrow, and the epithelial cells of the digestive tract ( Gao et al, 2019 ; Falzone et al, 2018 ).…”