Antimicrobial resistance in Pasteurella and Mannheimia: epidemiology and genetic basis

Abstract

-Isolates of the genera Pasteurella and Mannheimia cause a wide variety of diseases of great economic importance in poultry, pigs, cattle and rabbits. Antimicrobial agents represent the most powerful tools to control such infections. However, increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance may dramatically reduce the efficacy of the antimicrobial agents used to control Pasteurella and Mannheimia infections. This review presents a short summary of the infections caused by Pasteurella and Mannheimia isolates in food-producing animals and the possibilities of preventing and controlling primary and secondary pasteurellosis. Particular reference is given to antimicrobial chemotherapy and the resistance properties of Pasteurella and Mannheimia isolates. The genetic basis of the most predominant resistance properties such as resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol is discussed. This is depicted with reference to the role of plasmids and transposons in the spread of the resistance genes among Pasteurellaceae and members of other bacterial families and genera.

Molecular serotyping and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeisolated from pigs in South Korea

“…TC resistance is generally acquired by (tet) genes associated with plasmids or transposons transferred between bacterial species (Kehrenberg et al 2001). The tet(B) gene, which codes an efflux protein reducing the intracellular TC levels, was predominant among other tet genes in Korea and in other countries Matter et al 2007).…”

How Mannheimia haemolytica defeats host defence through a kiss of death mechanism

“…Besides, isolates are investigated for their antimicrobial resistance properties in the national monitoring programmes of only five European countries: France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Portugal [25,94,118]. Data obtained from Germany and France in 1997 illustrate that there is a high degree of variability among isolates originating from the same animal source and that resistance rates may also vary over time [94].…”

“…Data obtained from Germany and France in 1997 illustrate that there is a high degree of variability among isolates originating from the same animal source and that resistance rates may also vary over time [94].…”

“…Most of these resistance genes are associated with mobile genetic elements and can thus easily be exchanged between bacteria. The occurrence of these resistance genes in a wide range of bacteria implies that Mannheimia isolates have access to large gene pools within which an interchange of resistance genes takes place [94].…”

“…The most frequent resistances are found against beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamids and aminoglycosides [76,94,177]. A few resistance genes have already been cloned and sequenced [70].…”