Antimicrobial Resistance of F4+Escherichia ColiIsolated from Swine in Italy

Abstract

Four-hundred and forty-two F4+ pathogenic Escherichia coli were isolated in a period of 10 years (2002-2011), from pigs that were suffering from diarrhoea belonging to Italian swine herds. The strains were analysed for their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials using the disc diffusion method. During the study period, a statistically significant proportion of isolates resistant to enrofloxacin (14.5-89.3%), marbofloxacin (5.4-60.7%), flumequine (49.1-92.9%), danofloxacin (21.6-80%), florfenicol (9.8-64.3%), thiamphenicol (50-92%) and cefquinome (3.8-44%) was recorded. An increase in resistance (not statistically significant) to gentamicin (63.6-85.7%), apramycin (61.8-82.1%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (75-89.3%), tetracycline (97-100%) and erythromycin (92.4-100%) was also observed. Based on antimicrobial multiresistance, the strains were collected into three groups: I. resistant to 2-5 antimicrobials; II. resistant to 6-8 antimicrobials; III. resistant to 9-12 antimicrobials. The number of isolates belonging to the first group showed a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05; R(2) = 0.896; r = -0.9608), while the isolates belonging to the second and third groups showed a statistically significant increase in resistance (P < 0.05; R(2) = 0.753; r = 0.8890 and P < 0.05; R(2) = 0.727; r = 0.8701, respectively) over the period of study. The results of this study suggest the need for continued monitoring of the development of resistance.

Serogroups, Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of F4+ and F18+ Escherichia coli Isolated from Weaned Piglets

“…The present study showed that the frequency of multidrug-resistant bacteria that were resistant to more than three antimicrobial subclasses was very high (F4 + : 100%, F18 + : 94.5%). Our results showed much higher multidrug resistance rates compared to those (38.7%) reported in Italy diseased pigs-derived E. coli (Luppi et al, 2015), although it was difficult to directly compare these rates between studies since different antimicrobials were used. Given that regulations on the use of antimicrobials in Korea are not as strict as those in developed countries, wide use of antimicrobials by nonexperts such as livestock-related workers rather than veterinarians might be the reason for such high resistance rates in Korea (Cho et al, 2006).…”

Prevalence and trend analysis of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates collected from diseased pigs in the USA between 2006 and 2016

“…The prevalence of neomycin resistance in our study (33.8%) was higher than in the United Kingdom (18%) but lower than in Australia (42%) (Cheney et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2010). The prevalence of resistance to other antimicrobials (sulphonamides and tetracyclines) were similarly found to be high in our study (>50%) as compared to swine clinical E. coli isolates from Australia, Canada, France, Italy and the United Kingdom (Boireau et al, 2018;Cheney et al, 2015;Kadykalo et al, 2018;Luppi et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2010). Also, prevalence of florfenicol and spectinomycin resistance in the current study (24.1% and 40.5% respectively) were similar to those estimated in Denmark and Canada (DANMAP, 2017;Kadykalo et al, 2018).…”

The prevalence of amphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs in mainland China from 2000 to 2018: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Besides CAP, high levels of resistance to FF also observed. Resistance rates to FF in this study was 58.64%, which was similar to those reported for Italy (FF, 64.3%) [29]. However, these data on amphenicol resistance in other counties are sporadic and are unable to be directly compared with the results of our meta-analysis.…”