Antimicrobial resistance of<i>Escherichia coli</i>and<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>in housed laying-hen flocks in Europe

Hoorebeke, S. Van; Immerseel, Filip Van; Berge, Anna Catharina; Persoons, Davy; Schulz, Jochen; Hartung, J.; Harisberger, M.; Regula, G.; Barco, Lisa; Ricci, Antonia; Vylder, Jantina De; Ducatelle, Richard; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Dewulf, Jeroen

doi:10.1017/s0950268810002700

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These properties are appropriate for a live vaccine candidate, since field usage of such a mutant would not spread virulence‐associated or drug resistance‐encoding genes to wild APEC. Emergence of drug resistance (4, 5, 8–12) and costs associated with administration of drugs have led to increased medical costs worldwide. Ozawa et al (11) reported APEC isolates in Japan have moderate‐ or high‐level resistance to many antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colibacillosis results in significant economic losses to the poultry industry each year. Traditionally, antibiotic agents have been used to control APEC infections (3–7), but the emergence of drug‐resistant mutants (4, 5, 8–12) and the demand for chemical‐free feeding have led to increased interest in alternative methods of protecting flocks against APEC.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An attenuated mutant of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serovar O78: a possible live vaccine strain for prevention of avian colibacillosis

Nagano¹,

Kitahara²,

Nagai³

2012

Microbiology and Immunology

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Here construction of an attenuated mutant of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serovar O78 using an allelic exchange procedure is described. The mutant AESN1331, which carries a deletion in the crp gene, lost tryptophan deaminase activity and therefore lacked the ability to produce indole. The mutant strain additionally lacked the ability to adsorb Congo red, no longer fermented sugars other than glucose and L‐arabinose, did not harbor four known virulence‐associated genes (iss, tsh, cvaA, papC), and was susceptible to many antimicrobials, with the exception of nalidixic acid. The lethal dose (LD50 value) of the mutant strain on intravenous challenge in chickens was approximately 10‐fold higher than that of the parent strain. Additionally, the mutant strain was rapidly eliminated from chickens, being detected in the respiratory tract only on the first day post‐inoculation by fine spray. Administration of the mutant strain via various routes such as spray and eye drop for chickens, as well as in ovo inoculation for embryonated egg, evoked an effective immune response that protected against a virulent wild‐type E. coli O78 strain. Specifically, after immunization with the mutant strain, chickens challenged intravenously with an E. coli O78 strain exhibited decreases in mortality, clinical scores, organ lesion scores, and recovery of the challenge strain from organs compared to non‐immunized chickens. These findings suggest that AESN1331 is a suitable candidate for a live vaccine strain to protect chickens from colibacillosis caused by avian E. coli O78.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

An attenuated mutant of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serovar O78: a possible live vaccine strain for prevention of avian colibacillosis

Nagano¹,

Kitahara²,

Nagai³

2012

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…The potential transmission of these bacteria to human beings and the contamination of the environment by manure or airborne emissions are critically judged ( van den Bogaard et al, 2001 ; Khanna et al, 2008 ). Furthermore, E. coli isolates from animals and other sources of animal husbandry act as indicator bacteria to monitor the occurrence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance in food animals ( van Hoorebeke et al, 2011 ). Dusts from farm animal houses seem to be potential reservoirs of E. coli ( Harry, 1964 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Survived in Dust Samples for More than 20 Years

et al. 2016

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In a retrospective study, 119 sedimentation dust samples stored between five and 35 years from various barns of intensive livestock farming were evaluated for the occurrence of cultivatable Escherichia coli. Growth of E. coli occurred in 54 samples. Successful cultivation was achieved in samples from as early as 1994. The frequency of detection increased from earlier to later time periods, but the concentrations, which ranged between 3.4 × 102 and 1.1 × 105 colony-forming units per gram, did not correlate with sample age (Spearman rank correlation; p > 0.05). We hypothesize that E. coli cells survived in dust samples without cell division because of the storage conditions. Dry material (dust) with low water activities (arithmetic mean < 0.6) and storage at 4°C in the dark likely facilitated long-term survival. E. coli were isolated on MacConkey agar with and without ciprofloxacin supplementation. For 110 isolates (79 from non-supplemented media and 31 from supplemented media), we determined the E. coli phylotype and antimicrobial resistance. Six phylogenetic groups were identified. Phylogroups A and B1 predominated. Compared to group A, phylogroup B1 was significantly associated with growth on ciprofloxacin-supplemented media (chi-square test, p = 0.003). Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance profiles determined by a microdilution method revealed that isolates were phenotypically resistant to at least one antimicrobial substance and that more than 50% were resistant to a minimum of five out of 10 antibiotics tested. A linear mixed model was used to identify factors associated with the number of phenotypic resistances of individual isolates. Younger isolates and isolates from fattening poultry barns tended to be resistant to significantly more antibiotics than older isolates and those from laying-hen houses (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Sample origin and storage conditions may have influenced the number of antimicrobial resistances. Overall, we found that under particular conditions, dust from farm animal houses can be reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant E. coli for at least 20 years. The survival strategies that allow E. coli to survive such long periods in environmental samples are not fully understood and could be an interesting research topic for future studies.

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“…To reduce the time required for testing, different methods have been developed 8 including tests based on novel reagents, yet these tests are generally used to supplement rather than replace existing methods. The exception is the methodology based on PCR, which has progressively been replacing with biochemical and agglutination tests 14,30 . With poultry, control of infection depends largely on the identification of the infection in the early stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Sample Types for Salmonella Detection From Chicken Layer Breeder Flocks

Kahya¹,

Eyigör²,

Çarlı³

2014

Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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The object of this study was to detect Salmonella from different chicken samples in same flocks to compare sample types for Salmonella detection by both International Organization for Standardization Method 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007 (ISO) and as molecular by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Salmonellosis is a zoonotic infection and apart from this, infection can be transmitted via vertically to embryo, and this is very important for breeding flocks. A total of 115 samples, comprised of 451 individual samples each pooled into 3, 4, 5 and 6 including 14 drag swabs, 28 pooled wet faeces, 11 pooled embryonated chicken eggs, 62 pooled cloacal swabs, were collected from 14 chicken layer breeding flocks, and tested by culture method (ISO 6579) and conventional PCR. Overall Salmonella infection rate in chicken layer breeder flocks by PCR and culture was 18.2% (21/115). According to sample type, Salmonella rate in culture positive samples were: 0% (0/14) in drag swabs, 90.9% (10/11) in embryonated chicken eggs, 21.4% (6/28) in wet faeces, 8% (5/62) in cloacal swabs. PCR results were in 100% agreement (100% sensitivity and specificity) with culture results. We determined Salmonella rate in 14 chicken layer breeder flocks by using culture and PCR methods, and the use of embryonated chicken eggs and wet faeces samples, respectively in Salmonella detection would yield reliable results. These results indicate that Salmonella screening can be done together with different types of sample. And the most reliable and high results were taken from embryonated chicken egg samples for layer breeding poultry. As a conclusion, Salmonella infection seems to be the major problem in poultry flocks in Turkey, and both conventional culture method and PCR methods were found sensitive for the detection of Salmonella from poultry with different types of sample.

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Antimicrobial resistance ofEscherichia coliandEnterococcus faecalisin housed laying-hen flocks in Europe

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

An attenuated mutant of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serovar O78: a possible live vaccine strain for prevention of avian colibacillosis

An attenuated mutant of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serovar O78: a possible live vaccine strain for prevention of avian colibacillosis

Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Survived in Dust Samples for More than 20 Years

Comparison of Different Sample Types for Salmonella Detection From Chicken Layer Breeder Flocks

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