Antimicrobial resistance pattern of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers of selected organized farms of India

Abstract

<jats:p>Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are gradually increasing worldwide and carry a serious public threat. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples from &lt;3-month-old piglets (n=156) and farm workers (n=21) were processed for the isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli in MacConkey agar added with 1 μg/mL of cefotaxime. E. coli (piglets=124; farm workers=21) were tested for ESBL production by combined disk method and ESBL E-strip test. Each of the ESBL-positive isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The ESBL-producing E. coli were further processed for genotypic confirmation to CTX-M gene. Results: A total of 55 (44.4%, 55/124) and nine (42.9%, 9/21) ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from piglets and farm workers, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from piglets and farm workers showed 100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, and cefpodoxime. A proportion of 100% (55/55) and 88.9% (8/9) ESBL-positive E. coli were multidrug resistance (MDR) in piglets and farm workers, respectively. On genotypic screening of the ESBL E. coli isolated from piglets (n=55), 15 were positive for the blaCTX-M gene and of the nine ESBL E. coli from farm workers, none were positive for the blaCTX-M gene. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli between piglets and farm workers, the ESBL-positive E. coli from piglets showed relatively higher MDR than farm workers.</jats:p>

Cross-Sectional Survey of Antibiotic Resistance in Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Pigs in Greece

“…ESBL-producing E. coli strains presented co-resistances to fluoroquinolones ( n = 49), aminoglycosides ( n = 31), TETs ( n = 26) and SXT ( n = 46), confirming previously reported antimicrobial resistance patterns of ESBL-producing E. coli [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. In fact, the occurrence of strains resistant to AMP, AMC, SXT and TET [ 43 , 44 ], and the occurrence of ESBL producers resistant to at least one more class of non β-lactam antibiotics, have been formerly described in Greece [ 45 ].…”

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the USA Dairy Cattle Farms and Implications for Public Health

“…Molecular studies have consistently shown that ESBL genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates are physically associated with MGEs that carry other resistance genes mediating resistance to an unrelated class of antibiotics [ 110 , 111 ]. Co-resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and /or trimethoprim has been frequently reported in E. coli and Salmonella species isolated from dairy cattle and other food-producing animals (e.g., in Pigs and poultry) in the USA and elsewhere (e.g., India, China, and Egypt [ 18 , 24 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ].…”

International travel as a risk factor for carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a large sample of European individuals - The AWARE Study

“…Therefore, we have a relatively large sample of participants drawn from the general population in Southern Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania. In contrast, other similar studies explored risk factors in large sample sizes from only one country (63), in specific high-risk populations such as farmers (32)(33)(34)(35)37,38,40,42,43) and slaughterhouse workers (31), healthcare workers and patients (39,44,45,47,48), or travelers (8,10,14,18,20,25,26,46), or in convenience samples of students (16,17,21,22). Further, when exploring frequency of travel, we considered all areas of the globe, and did not limit ourselves to low-and-middle income countries or other areas that would have been otherwise considered a priori as high-risk areas for AR.…”

“…Other potential risk factors include travels to high-risk areas for AR , nutrition (28,29), health status (21,25), and occupation (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). However, most of the studies examining potential risk factors focus on high-risk populations such as travelers (8,10,14,18,20,25,26,46), healthcare workers and patients (39,44,45,47,48), swimmers (49)(50)(51), farmers (32)(33)(34)(35)37,38,40,42,43), and slaughterhouse workers (31), and often using small convenience samples of e.g. students (16,17,…”