Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Shigella Serogroups Isolated in Israel, 1990-1995

Mates, A; Eyny, D.; Philo, Sarah E

doi:10.1007/s100960050439

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…An explanation could be provided by differences in the genetic locations of the antimicrobial resistance genes that might possess a species-specific association (22). This hypothesis might be supported by the fact that, consistent with other studies (3,5,17,21,22), S. sonnei has been less resistant to Chl compared to S. flexneri. In addition, differences in the prevalences of genes encoding mechanisms of resistance among S. sonnei and S. flexneri have been reported previously (18,22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance in Shigella and Salmonella Isolates from Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Rural Mozambique

Mandomando

Jaintilal

Pons

et al. 2009

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of 109 Shigella and 40 Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea in southern Mozambique were assessed. The susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion, and mechanisms of resistance were searched by PCR or colorimetric method. A high proportion of Shigella isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (Chl) (52%), ampicillin (Amp) (56%), tetracycline (Tet) (66%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Sxt) (84%). Sixty-five percent of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Shigella flexneri isolates were more resistant than those of Shigella sonnei to Amp (66% versus 0.0%, P < 0.001) and Chl (61% versus 0.0%, P < 0.001), whereas S. sonnei isolates presented higher resistance to Tet than S. flexneri isolates (93% versus 64%, P ‫؍‬ 0.02). Resistance among Salmonella isolates was as follows: Tet and Chl, 15% each; Sxt, 18%; and Amp, 25%. Only 3% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (Nal), and none to ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone (Cro). Among Salmonella isolates, multiresistance was found in 23%. Among Shigella isolates, antibiotic resistance was related mainly to the presence of oxa-1-like ␤-lactamases for Amp, dfrA1 genes for Sxt, tetB genes for Tet, and Chl acetyltransferase (CAT) activity for Chl. Among Salmonella isolates, resistance was conferred by tem-like ␤-lactamases for Amp, floR genes and CAT activity for Chl, tetA genes for Tet, and dfrA1 genes for Sxt. Our data show that Shigella isolates are resistant mostly to the most available, inexpensive antibiotics by various molecular mechanisms but remain susceptible to ciprofloxacin, Cro, and Nal, which is the first line for empirical treatment of shigellosis in the country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance in Shigella and Salmonella Isolates from Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Rural Mozambique

Mandomando

Jaintilal

Pons

et al. 2009

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The frequency of occurrence of Shigella spp. differs by country and in different populations within a country (10,11). In Belgium, S. sonnei has always represented the predominant species, with a mean prevalence of 67.8%, followed by Shigella flexneri (25.4%) and Shigella boydii (3.5%), with Shigella dysenteriae (2.4%) being the least common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns among Shigella sonnei Strains Isolated in Belgium during the 18-Year Period 1990 to 2007

Vrints¹,

Mairiaux

Meervenne³

et al. 2009

J Clin Microbiol

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This study was conducted to determine the frequency and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella sonnei, the predominant species causing shigellosis in Belgium. Between 1990 and 2007, a total of 7,307 strains, mainly (98.2%) isolated from stools, were diagnosed by peripheral laboratories before being confirmed as Shigella strains by serotyping by the National Reference Center of Salmonella and Shigella. A significant increase in resistances to tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and cotrimoxazole (i.e., trimethoprim in combination with sulfonamides) was observed during this period. Since 1998, resistance to nalidixic acid also increased to reach a peak (12.8%) of resistant isolates in 2004. Concomitantly, multidrug resistance (MDR) in this species emerged in 2007, with 82% of total isolates being MDR. However, during this 18-year period, all isolates remained fully susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. The work includes the molecular characterization of mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole and class 1 and class 2 integrons. S. sonnei acquired antimicrobial resistance to traditional antibiotics (ampicillin and tetracycline) by horizontal gene transfer, while the genetic stability of transposons was responsible for a high (89%) proportion of resistance to a commonly prescribed antibiotic (cotrimoxazole). Therefore, cotrimoxazole should no longer be considered appropriate as empirical therapy for treatment of shigellosis in Belgium when antibiotics are indicated. Rates of resistance to nalidixic acid should also be attentively monitored to detect any shift in fluoroquinolone resistance, because it represents the first line among antibiotics used in the treatment of shigellosis.

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“…have progressively acquired resistance to most of the widely used and inexpensive antimicrobial agents (15,26). There have been many studies on the resistance profiles of Shigella strains using phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility tests such as disk diffusion (4,13,14,19,23,31), but there have been no recent or comprehensive studies on the molecular epidemiology of specific resistance determinants in this genus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants in Shigella spp. and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli : Characterization and Dissemination of tet (A)- 1

Hartman¹,

Essiet²,

Isenbarger³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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To make a comprehensive study of tetracycline resistance determinant distribution in the genus Shigella, a collection of 577 clinical isolates of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) from a variety of geographical locations was screened to identify tetracycline-resistant strains. The 459 tetracycline-resistant isolates identified were then screened by PCR analysis to determine the distribution in these strains of tetracycline efflux resistance determinants belonging to classes A to E, G, and H that have been identified in gram-negative bacteria. Only classes A to D were represented in these strains. Although Tet B was the predominant determinant in all geographical locations, there were geographical and species differences in the distribution of resistance determinants. An allele of tet(A), designated tet(A)-1, was identified and sequenced, and the 8.6-kb plasmid containing determinant Tet A-1, designated pSSTA-1, was found to have homologies to portions of a Salmonella enterica cryptic plasmid and the broad-host-range resistance plasmid RSF1010. This allele and pSSTA-1 were used as epidemiological markers to monitor clonal and horizontal transmission of determinant Tet A-1. An analysis of serotype, distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants, and resistance profiles indicated that both clonal spread and horizontal transfer had contributed to the spread of specific tetracycline resistance determinants in these populations and demonstrated the use of these parameters as an epidemiological tool to follow the transmission of determinants and strains.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Shigella Serogroups Isolated in Israel, 1990-1995

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance in Shigella and Salmonella Isolates from Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Rural Mozambique

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance in Shigella and Salmonella Isolates from Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Rural Mozambique

Surveillance of Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns among Shigella sonnei Strains Isolated in Belgium during the 18-Year Period 1990 to 2007

Epidemiology of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants in Shigella spp. and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli : Characterization and Dissemination of tet (A)- 1

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