Antimicrobial-resistant CC17 Enterococcus faecium: The past, the present and the future

Lee, Terence; Pang, Stanley; Abraham, Sam; Coombs, Geoffrey W.

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.016

Cited by 132 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Enterococcus spp. are capable of rapid acquisition of AMR traits when treated with antimicrobial compounds [134]. Introduction of chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracyclines was rapidly followed by the insurgence of resistant Enterococcus strains at a prevalence as high to pose the need to revoke the use of some antibiotic compounds in the clinical practice [135].…”

Section: Enterococcus Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview

Palma

Tilocca

Roncada

2020

IJMS

184

100

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most important human- and animal health-threatening issues worldwide. Bacterial capability to face antimicrobial compounds is an ancient feature, enabling bacterial survival over time and the dynamic surrounding. Moreover, bacteria make use of their evolutionary machinery to adapt to the selective pressure exerted by antibiotic treatments, resulting in reduced efficacy of the therapeutic intervention against human and animal infections. The mechanisms responsible for both innate and acquired AMR are thoroughly investigated. Commonly, AMR traits are included in mobilizable genetic elements enabling the homogeneous diffusion of the AMR traits pool between the ecosystems of diverse sectors, such as human medicine, veterinary medicine, and the environment. Thus, a coordinated multisectoral approach, such as One-Health, provides a detailed comprehensive picture of the AMR onset and diffusion. Following a general revision of the molecular mechanisms responsible for both innate and acquired AMR, the present manuscript focuses on reviewing the contribution of veterinary medicine to the overall issue of AMR. The main sources of AMR amenable to veterinary medicine are described, driving the attention towards the indissoluble cross-talk existing between the diverse ecosystems and sectors and their cumulative cooperation to this warning phenomenon.

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Section: Enterococcus Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview

Palma

Tilocca

Roncada

2020

IJMS

184

100

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“…are Gram-positive bacteria that commonly inhabit the intestinal tracts of healthy humans and animals but have the potential to cause invasive infections if the delicate microbiota balance is disrupted [1,2]. They have adapted to colonizing and persisting in a hospital environment, allowing for easy transmission through multiple routes of cross contamination including invasive medical devices [2][3][4]. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) are the most frequently isolated species in nosocomial settings [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ongoing challenge of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in Europe: an epidemiological analysis of bloodstream infections

Ayobami

Willrich

Reuß

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

105

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Vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections are of great public health significance due to limited therapeutic options. We investigated epidemiological trends and risk factors of vancomycin resistance in enterococci isolates from patients with bloodstream infections in the EU/EEA from 2012 to 2018. Routine vancomycin susceptibility data of clinical E. faecium (n = 67,022) and E. faecalis (n = 103,112) blood isolates from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariable regression analyses. In Europe, proportions of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREFm) increased from 8.1% (95%CI 6.7-9.7%) in 2012 to 19.0% (95% CI 16.8-21.5%) in 2018. Rising VREFm proportions were observed across all European regions, both genders and all age groups except children and adolescents (1-19 years). Adults (20-59 years) and elderly (≥60 years) had an increased likelihood of VREFm compared to children and adolescents (1-19 years) (OR: 1.99 [95%CI 1.42-2.79, p < 0.001] and OR: 1.56 [95%CI 1.09-2.23, p = 0.014], respectively). Inpatients hospital units, including internal medicine and ICUs, were associated with an increased likelihood of VREFm (OR: 2.29 (95%CI 1.58-3.32, p < 0.001) compared to the emergency department which reflects patients with community origin of E. faecium infections. The mean proportion of vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis in Europe was found to be low (1.1% [95%CI 0.9-1.4%]). Local and regional authorities should intensify efforts directed at diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship for vancomycin and all last resort drugs for the management of VREFm, particularly for hospitalized elderly patients.

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“…In previous literature, the majority of vancomycinresistant Enterococcus isolates were also defined as E. faecium and the resistance rates were reaching more than 80% [20]. High Vancomycin resistance rates were associated with long hospital stays and extended use of antibiotics [21]. This decrease in Vancomycin resistance rates in recent years may be associated with an increased awareness of this condition by clinicians and precautions taken to decrease this resistance which should also be investigated in further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%