Antimicrobial silica particles loaded with quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine network

Abstract

Silica particles functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups were prepared by interpenetrating polyethylenimine (PEI) into silica particles and crosslinking with diiodopentane, followed by octyliodide alkylation and methyliodide quaternarization (S-QA-PEI). The synthesized S-QA-PEI particles were identified with a slight particle size increase of 2-3 μm. Different ratios of PEI:silica particles were prepared and analyzed. While silica particles are negatively charged, À16.7 ± 5.11 mV, the prepared S-QA-PEI particles are positively charged, +50-60 mV. These particles were embedded in poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) and poly(ethylene methacrylic acid) coatings which exhibited strong antibacterial activity.

Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance

“…Hence, they are widely used in the field of antimicrobials [329][330][331]. Silica-quaternary ammonium QPEI nanoparticles, prepared by surface modification of silica particles with QA groups, distribute more homogenously in the polymeric coatings, with less nanoparticle aggregation when compared with QPEI nanoparticles [332]. For example, quaternary ammonium epoxy silicate nanoparticles applied as QA compounds conjugated to organosilanes and silica nanoparticles, and also to epoxy silicates, were synthesized by a silane-based sol-gel reaction and incorporated into an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer.…”

Quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles for treating bacterial contaminated water

“…The synthesis of QA-PEI nanoparticle was previously described [15][16][17]. In brief, 10 g of PEI dissolved in 100 ml ethanol was crosslinked with diiodopentane (4% per primary amine in PEI) under reflux for 24 h. N-alkylation with iodooctane was conducted at amine:iodooctane 1:0.25 molar ratio under reflux for 24 h. After 24 h, excess sodium bicarbonate (1.25:1 mole ratio, NaHCO 3 /iodooctane) was added to neutralize released HI; neutralization reaction was continued for 3 h under the same conditions.…”

“…In the present work, we report preparation of active antimicrobial surfaces using different methods, based on our previously described QA polyethylenimine nanoparticles (QA-PEI NPs) C 8 alkylated [15,16], and C 18 modified, where these NPs embedded in polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA) and polyethylene methacrylic acid (PEMA) coatings and these coatings were tested for their antibacterial activity against representative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Heterotrophic plate count, in static and dynamic modes, for potential application in self-sterilization coatings and large water containers. In this study, QA-PEI NPs were also analyzed for their activity in aqueous suspension in comparison to aging period for waste water reuse as in reuse systems.…”

Antimicrobial Polymers

“…Silica particles functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups were also synthesized by interpenetrating PEI into silica particles and crosslinking with diiodopentane, followed by octyliodide alkylation and methyliodide quaternization (S‐QA‐PEI). These particles display a size range of 2–3 μm, zeta potential of +50–60 mV and strong antibacterial activity …”