Antimicrobial Spectrum of Triclosan, a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agent for Topical Application

Regös, J; Zak, O.; Solf, Renate; Vischer, W. A.; Weirich, Erich G.

doi:10.1159/000250746

Cited by 76 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Where, D=density of films in g/cm 3 , M=mass of films in g and V=volume of films in cm 3 which is product of thickness and area.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Tc Containing Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its broad spectrum of activity, it is being used in several personal care products such as toothpaste, mouthwashes, body washes, antimicrobial creams, lotions and hand soaps (1)(2)(3). TC is one of most preferred agents for treating diseases of oral cavity such as plaque, caries and gingivitis due to its potent activity against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius and Actinomycetes species (4-6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Films for Delivery of Triclosan to the Oral Cavity

2008

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Abstract. The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of formulating TC containing fast dissolving films for local delivery to oral cavity. Various film forming agents, film modifiers and polyhydric alcohols were evaluated for optimizing the composition of fast dissolving films. The potential of poloxamer 407 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) to improve solubility of TC was investigated. Fast dissolving films containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum, and xylitol were formulated. Use of poloxamer 407 and HPBCD resulted in significant improvement in the solubility of TC. Fast dissolving films containing TC-HPBCD complex and TC-Poloxamer 407 were formulated and were evaluated for the in vitro dissolution profile and in vitro microbiological assay. Films containing TC-Poloxamer 407 exhibited better in vitro dissolution profile and in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to the films containing TC-HPBCD complex. Effect of incorporation of eugenol on the in vivo performance of TC-Poloxamer 407 containing films was evaluated in human volunteers. Eugenol containing films improved the acceptability of TC-Poloxamer 407 films with respect to taste masking and mouth freshening without compromising the in vivo dissolution time.

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“…Where, D=density of films in g/cm 3 , M=mass of films in g and V=volume of films in cm 3 which is product of thickness and area.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Tc Containing Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Films for Delivery of Triclosan to the Oral Cavity

2008

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“…Since its introduction in the 1960s, it has been used variously as an antiseptic (44) in medicated soaps, hand washes (4), and therapeutic baths for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusinfected patients (12,56). Over the past decade, the broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity displayed by TCS has led to its application in a range of formulations intended for domestic use, including a variety of shampoos (26), toothpastes (40), deodorants (7), detergents, molded plastic containers, and chopping boards.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Sink Drain Microcosms to Triclosan: Population Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

McBain

Bartolo

Catrenich

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Recent concern that the increased use of triclosan (TCS) in consumer products may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led us to examine the effects of TCS dosing on domestic-drain biofilm microcosms. TCS-containing domestic detergent (TCSD) markedly lowered biofouling at 50% (wt/vol) but was poorly effective at use levels. Long-term microcosms were established and stabilized for 6 months before one was subjected to successive 3-month exposures to TCSD at sublethal concentrations (0.2 and 0.4% [wt/vol]). Culturable bacteria were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and their susceptibilities to four biocides and six antibiotics were determined. Microcosms harbored ca. 10 log 10 CFU/g of biofilm, representing at least 27 species, mainly gamma proteobacteria, and maintained dynamic stability. Viable cell counts were largely unaffected by TCSD exposure, but species diversity was decreased, as corroborated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. TCS susceptibilities ranged widely within bacterial groups, and TCS-tolerant strains (including aeromonads, pseudomonads, stenotrophomonads, and Alcaligenes spp.) were isolated before and after TCSD exposure. Several TCS-tolerant bacteria related to Achromobacter xylosoxidans became clonally expanded during dosing. TCSD addition did not significantly affect the community profiles of susceptibility to the test biocides or antibiotics. Several microcosm isolates, as well as reference bacteria, caused clearing of particulate TCS in solid media. Incubations of consortia and isolates with particulate TCS in liquid led to putative TCS degradation by the consortia and TCS solubilization by the reference strains. Our results support the view that low-level exposure of environmental microcosms to TCS does not affect antimicrobial susceptibility and that TCS is degradable by common domestic biofilms.

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“…In the usual microbiological media, its activity against gram-negative bacteria is relatively weak (7,8). We have, therefore, studied its action under more physiological conditions, i.e., in human duodenopancreatic secretions, which represent the natural environment for drugs used in therapy of enteric infections, and found its activity to be greatly enhanced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodeno-pancreatic secretions enhance bactericidal activity of antimicrobial drugs

Mett¹,

Gyr²,

Zak³

et al. 1984

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We have studied the action of various antimicrobial agents in microbiological media and in human duodenopancreatic secretions. In the latter medium, clioquinol exhibited a rapid bactericidal effect on both growing and stationary bacteria at concentrations near its MIC. However, it was merely bacteriostatic in microbiological media, even at high concentrations. Phanquinone, chlorquinaldol, and, to a lesser extent, also chloramphenicol and trimethoprim likewise displayed enhanced bactericidal activity in duodeno-pancreatic secretions, but various other antibacterial agents did not. These findings suggest that duodeno-pancreatic secretions contain a factor augmenting the antibacterial activity of a number of drugs.

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Antimicrobial Spectrum of Triclosan, a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agent for Topical Application

Cited by 76 publications

References 2 publications

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Films for Delivery of Triclosan to the Oral Cavity

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Films for Delivery of Triclosan to the Oral Cavity

Exposure of Sink Drain Microcosms to Triclosan: Population Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Duodeno-pancreatic secretions enhance bactericidal activity of antimicrobial drugs

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