Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Serovars of Salmonella Circulating in Commercial Poultry Carcasses and Poultry Products in Brazil

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance was evaluated for 12,582 strains of Salmonella isolated by public and private laboratories from commercial poultry carcasses and poultry products from different regions in Brazil between 2007 and 2011. These isolates were submitted unsolicited to the National Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Enteroinfections, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for conclusive antigenic characterization. The prevalent Salmonella enterica serogroups were O:4 (B) (28.9%), O:9 (D1) (22.3%), O:21 (L) (15.9%), and O:7 (C1) (14.3%); the most prevalent serovars were Enteritidis, Minnesota, Typhimurium, Schwarzengrund, and Mbandaka. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 1,234 strains indicated that 54.5% were resistant to up to eight antimicrobial drugs. Multidrug resistance (three or more classes) was observed in 16.4% of the strains, with 190 distinct patterns. The results showed increased resistance to ampicillin (12.4 to 18.9%), tetracycline (≈ 15.2 to ≈ 18.9%), and gentamicin (f7.0 to ≈ 9.6%) during the study period. Decreased resistance to nitrofurans (61.9 to 9.2%), quinolones (44.4 to 15.5%), and folate inhibitors (11.7 to 7.2%) was observed. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was detected in 5.5% of the strains throughout the study period; resistance to fluoroquinolones has been observed in 0.3% of the strains since 2009. These findings highlight the importance of surveillance along the food chain for detection of altered patterns among foodborne zoonotic bacteria that are important to public health.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Farm Animals in Brazil: An Update Overview

“…The authors also reported a slight increase in resistance frequencies to ampicillin, tetracycline, and gentamicin and a marked decrease in resistance frequencies to nitrofurans (61.9 to 9.2%), nalidixic acid (44.4 to 15.5%), and folate inhibitors (11.7% to 7.2%). A small number of isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones (0.3% of the strains since 2009) [52]. This study is probably one of the most significant ones about antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in chicken meat during these years, given the size and the homogeneity of the collection evaluated.…”

“…Resistance frequencies to folate inhibitors are generally high but variable, similar to the strains isolated from poultry [35,37,38,40,42,52,80,81,83,84]. However, the frequency of aminoglycoside resistance frequencies is generally higher in Salmonella strains isolated from pigs (Tables 1 and 2) [38,41,52,75,81,84,85].…”

Salmonella Minnesota Emergence in Poultry Production: Danger to Public Health?

“…The presence of the genus Salmonella spp. is already a reason for sanitary embargoes or international warnings due to the compromised meat quality [22,19,16,43,12]. In particular, the S. Minnesota species has been gaining prominence among serovars due to the increasing number of isolations in the poultry production chain, prompting research to know its danger as an agent of human salmonellosis.…”

“…In particular, the S. Minnesota species has been gaining prominence among serovars due to the increasing number of isolations in the poultry production chain, prompting research to know its danger as an agent of human salmonellosis. In Brazil, this serovar was the second highest incident between 2007 and 2011 in an investigation of 12,582 strains obtained from chicken carcasses and poultry products [19].…”

Caracterização molecular de linhagens de Salmonella Typhimurium isoladas de humanos, alimentos, animais e ambiente no Brasil

“…O aumento da resistência a antibióticos em S. Typhimurium tem sido relatado em linhagens isoladas de diversas fontes e de vários lugares do mundo incluindo o Brasil (Olsen et al, 2004;Kich et al, 2011;Costa et al, 2013;Feasey et al, 2014;Sun et al, 2014;Tamang et al, 2014;Lopes et al, 2015). 2) é umas das técnicas mais comumente utilizadas na caracterização de linhagens de Salmonella (Nataro et al, 2007).…”