Antimicrobial susceptibility in intensive care units: MYSTIC Program Brazil 2002

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33%) was the most frequently isolated, followed by A. baumannii (17.1%), K. pneumoniae (12.1%), E. coli (10.5%), and E. cloacae (7.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had susceptibility rates of 67.5% to piperacillin/tazobactam, 59.8% to meropenem, 57.3% to imipenem. A. baumannii presented susceptibility rates to meropenem of 89.5%, 88.4% to imipenem, and 74.4% to tobramycin. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were fully susceptible to both carbapenems. Conclusions. Carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is still rare in this region. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa presented elevated resistance rates to all antimicrobials. Since these two bacterial species play an important role in nosocomial infections, the use of empirical combination therapy to treat these pathogens may be justified.

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among bacteria isolated from intensive care units of the largest teaching hospital at the northwest of Iran

“…The overall resistance rate of antimicrobials was higher in the current study than in other reports (Gunseren et al, 1999;Mendes et al, 2005;Styers et al, 2006;Patzer, Dzierzanowska, Turner, 2002;Gonlugur et al, 2004;Karlowsky et al, 2003). Moreover, the resistance rate to cephalosporins (79.5%-87.8%) was comparable to that in Iran (Hadadiet al, 2008), but higher than reported in foreign studies (Gunseren et al, 1999;Al-Lawati, Crouch, Elhag, 2000;Glupczynski et al, 2001;Patzer, Dzierzanowska,Turner, 2002;Gonlugur et al, 2004;Karlowsky et al, 2003;Meric et al, 2005).…”

“…However, this pattern in developing countries such as Brazil (Mendes et al, 2005), Turkey (Kucukates, 2005), Iran (Mohammadtaheri et al, 2010), and other Middle Eastern countries were documented as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter (Aly, Al-Mousa, Al Asar, 2008;Bayram, Balci, 2006). In the present study, Enterobacter aerogenes followed by E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the organisms most frequently recovered from ICUs.…”

Increased resistance to first-line agents among bacterial pathogens isolated from urinary tract infections in Latin America: time for local guidelines?

“…In the Latin American region, international surveillance programs have already documented increased resistance rates for multiple pathogens among hospitalized patients (Andrade et al 2003, Gordon & Jones 2003, Mendes et al 2005, probably reflecting local antimicrobial usage patterns, leading to a high selective pressure, and/or dissemination of specific resistant clones. However, antimicrobial susceptibility among pathogens isolated from community-acquired infections is poorly investigated in this region.…”

Perfil epidemiológico e análise microbiológica da infecção de sítio cirúrgico em pacientes humanos e animais de companhia

“…Entretanto, na atualidade, a resistência antimicrobiana constitui um crítico problema de saúde (Guardabassi et al 2004, Mendes et al 2005, uma vez que tem dificultado a seleção empírica dos antimicrobianos (Hoekstra & Paultron 2002), pois cada vez mais os pacientes são tratados com antibióticos de amplo espectro, sem a certeza da sua real necessidade. Por isso, para evitar sua prescrição inadvertida e seu uso abusivo, o que favorece a seleção de cepas bacterianas resistentes, foram elaborados vários guias, com o objetivo de limitar a emergência de bactérias resistentes e reduzir a taxa de infecção das feridas cirúrgicas (ASHP 1999;Brasil 2001, Guilarde et al 2009 (1) ter sido submetido à internação pré-cirúrgica, (2) ter sido levado ao bloco cirúrgico, (3) ter sofrido incisão em pele ou mucosa e a mesma ter sido fechada antes do paciente deixar o centro cirúr-gico, (4) possuir prontuário preenchido, (5) não ser portador de infecção no ingresso no hospital e (6) ter comparecido ao retorno pós-operatório no ambulatório cirúrgico.…”