Antimicrobial Susceptibility of
            <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>

Thornsberry, Clyde; Kirven, L. A.

doi:10.1128/aac.6.5.620

Cited by 86 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this study we compared a new method for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of H. influenzae (NRA) with a standard 'micro-broth-di- (5) and agar dilution techniques (3,15), further supporting the validity of the NRA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Reduction: New Method for Testing the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae

Fleming

Fierer

1978

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We have developed a new micro-broth-dilution assay for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae. This assay is based on the ability of viable H. influenzae to reduce nitrates to nitrites. Bacterial viability is detected by a positive nitrite reaction rather than visible turbidity. The nitrate reduction assay was compared with a standard microassay using 51 isolates of H. influenzae and six beta-lactam antibiotics. Although there was good agreement between the two methods, the nitrate reduction assay was more sensitive in detecting viable bacteria, and so established a more accurate estimate of the minimal inhibitory concentration. The nitrate reduction assay offered the additional advantage that it could be used to determine the minimal bactericidal concentration without having to subculture the broth. Ampicillin, penicillin, and cefamandole were equally effective in vitro against susceptible strains (minimal inhibitory concentrations, 0.125 to 0.5 ,g/ml), whereas all three antibiotics were ineffective against two beta-lactamase-producing strains. Using the nitrate reduction assay, resistance to cefamandole was detectable with inoculum sizes ranging from 104 to 106 colony-forming units per ml, while the turbidity assay detected resistance only with the largest inoculum.The appearance of ampicillin-and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae (9, 14) has stimulated interest in developing better techniques for assaying the antimicrobial susceptibility of these fastidious bacteria (5, 6). Broth dilution assays, though commonly employed to measure both the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of antimicrobial agents, can be used to test the susceptibility of H. influenzae only if the medium is supplemented with hemin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Some broths will support the growth of H. influenzae, but even under good growth conditions turbidity may be difficult to detect (4, 7).We have developed a new assay procedure for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of H. influenzae. The assay is based on the nitrate reductase activity of viable H. influenzae and the resultant production of nitrite (4, 16). Our method has the distinct advantage of increased reproducibility and accuracy, since the MIC is indicated by a color reaction, which is more easily detected than turbidity. This report includes a description of the assay and the results obtained with several beta-lactam antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacteria. Fifty-one isolates of H. influenzae were tested. Thirty-nine isolates were smooth, nontypable H. influenzae recovered from sputum specimens submitted to the bacteriology laboratory, San Diego Veterans Administration Hospital. Ten isolates from various clinical specimens were classified serologically as type B and were ampicillin susceptible. Two strains were ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-producing type B strains; one was obtained from Clyde Thornsberry, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Reduction: New Method for Testing the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae

Fleming

Fierer

1978

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Few data are available on the activity of gentamicin against H. influenzae. In one study, gentamicin (2 tg or less per ml) inhibited all 25 strains of H. influenzae (21). None were as susceptible as the present strain ( Table 1).…”

Section: Medical College Of Virginia Hospitals On 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of an ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae

Markowitz¹

1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

109

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A 79-year-old female developed endocarditis and meningitis due to an ampicillin-resistant, non-f-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae. Carbenicillin and gentamicin therapy resulted in bacteriological and clinical cure. The mechanism of resistance of ampicillin-resistant, non-fi-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae is unknown. Recent reviews have documented the increasing frequency of serious infections due to Haemophilus influenzae in adults (8,14). Optimal treatment of such infections in adults is controversial because of the emergence of strains of H. influenzae resistant to ampicillin (13). Most of these strains elaborate a ,-lactamase (10) whose production is mediated by genes located on a plasmid (6, 19). Occasionally, ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae have been isolated and found not to produce ,B-lactamase (11,20,22 Fig.

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“…In the past, ampicillin had been recommended as the drug of first choice for Haemophilus influenzae infection. However, the first ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae was reported in 1974 in several countries [6]. The major mechanism of this resistance was the production of beta-lactamases [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae at General Hospital in the Central Region of Japan

Minami¹,

Sakakibara²,

Imura³

et al. 2016

JBM

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Haemophilus influenzae is an important pathogen that caused several infection diseases, such as sinusitis, otitis media, sepsis, and meningitis. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Haemophilus influenzae isolates at general hospital in the central region of Japan from December 2015 to January 2016. Haemophilus influenzae was identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by micro dilution assay according to CLSI recommendation. One hundred ninety-one Haemophilus influenzae were isolated, among which 95 (49.7%) were from male and 96 (50.3%) were from female. The age incidence of (0) years, (≤2) years, (≤5) years, and (6≤) years groups were 22(11.5%), 92(48.2%), 61(31.9%), and 16(8.4%), respectively. Positive samples were received mostly from the nasal discharge (177/92.7%), sputum (6/3.1%), tonsillar (6/3.1%), and pharynx (2/1.0%). Ceftriaxone was the most active antibiotics with 100% susceptible rates, followed by ciprofloxacin (99.5%) and minocycline (99%) in our study. Furthermore, we categorized four patterns: beta lactamase-negative ampicillin-sensitive strain (BLNAS), beta lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strain (BLNAR), beta lactamase-positive ampicillin resistant strain (BLPAR), and beta lactamase-positive amoxicillin-clavulanic acid-resistant strain (BLPACR) from those ampicillin susceptible results. The numbers of female were significant greater than those of male in BLPAR (p = 0.0336). With respect to antimicrobial susceptible pattern, there was no minocycline and piperacillin resistant strain in both BLNAS and BLNAR (p < 0.0001). Haemophilus influenzae infection spreads worldwide and inadequate use of antibiotics contributes to uptake of their new antimicrobial resistance. Continuous antimicrobial surveys are need for control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae

Cited by 86 publications

References 10 publications

Nitrate Reduction: New Method for Testing the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae

Nitrate Reduction: New Method for Testing the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae

Isolation of an ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae

Clinical Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae at General Hospital in the Central Region of Japan

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