Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Microorganisms Involved in the Pathogenesis of Surgical Site Infection (SSI); A 1 Year of Surveillance

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogens involved in the process of surgical site infection, in surgical wards. Changes made in the pattern of antibiotic use will result in different microorganism susceptibility patterns, which needs correct determination for precise empiric antibiotic therapy. One thousand patients (62% men and 38% women, 18- 74-years-old, with mean age 43 +/- 8)) who underwent surgical treatment, in Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medicine, Isfahan, Iran, were studied from 2005 to 2006. Surgical wound infections, based on the reported criteria, were aspirated for culturing within 1 plus gram staining of prepared smears. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined for samples and all derived data were compared by SPSS 13 and WHO net 5 software. The prevalence of SSI was 13.3% with 150 positive cultures, totally. Of 150 bacteria, isolated from surgical site infections Staphylococcus aureus had most frequency (43%). Resistance of isolated organisms was 41.7% in amikacin, 65 and 78.6% in ceftazidime, 85.7% in ceftriaxone, 61.5% in ciprofloxacin, 78.8% in gentamicine, 6.4% in imipenem, 13% in meropenem and 70.6% in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. 78.9% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were MRSA and vancomycine was the most effective antibiotic without any resistance. Among 10 isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus, no vancomycine resistance was seen, but in contrast all cases were resistant to oxacillin. The most common gram negative organism was Klebsiella (18 isolates) in which 100 and 80% were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. Seventeen cases were E. coli, in which the most sensitivity was to meropenem (80%) and imipenem (77.8%). Thirteen cases of Pseudomonas were detected, in which 16.7% were resistant to imipenem and 8.3% to meropenem. Our results demonstrated that the total antibiotic resistance is increasing among SSIs, with an up sloping pattern, which will contact with a constant empiric antibiotic therapy. So, precise up to date antibiogram tantalize us toward balancing the rate of total antibiotic resistance to SSIs.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Six Threatening Pathogens at Mofid Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran

“…All of the S. aureus isolates in our study showed 100% susceptibility to vancomycin. This pattern is the same as the findings of other Iranian studies (22,(33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Bacteria from infected surgical wounds and their antimicrobial resistance in Hawassa University Referral Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

“…(18.1%) and E. coli (16.9%) were the 2 nd and 3 rd most frequent isolates in our study which is consistent with the report of Khorvash et al (2008) from Iran. A Nigerian study indicated Klebsiella spp.…”

“…The bacteria isolated in our study were commonly associated with surgical wound infections in Ethiopia and elsewhere (Ahmed et al, 2007;Tekie, 2008;Shanthi et al, 2012;Rao et al, 2013). Similar to our observation (25.4%) S. aureus was reported to be the most dominant isolate from surgical wound infections representing 25-45.1% of the total isolates (Ahmed et al, 2007;Anguzu and Olila, 2007;Khorvash et al, 2008;Tekie, 2008;Shanthi et al, 2012). The high prevalence of S. aureus infection may be partly explained by the presence of these bacteria in the nose, skin and intestinal tract of human beings (Vandepitte et al, 2003).…”

Surgical Site Infection; Frequency of Clinical Isolates Involved. Sensitivity and Resistivity Pattern Estimate

“…13 In another study conducted by Shafqat et al, have shown E. coli (29%), as the major pathogen associated with SSI followed by Pseudomonas (23%), Klebsiella (19%), Proteus(5%), Citrobacter (2.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.5%). 17 Various studies have also reported the higher percentages of gram positive organism particularly Staphylococcus aureus, associated with surgical site infection. [18][19] In present study coagulase-negative Staphylococi is also reported as a third major causative agent.…”