Antimicrobial Therapy of Selected Bacterial Infections

Giguère, Steeve

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch24

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The antimicrobials considered to be effective against mycoplasmas, and therefore the most widely used, are tetracyclines, macrolides, pleuromutilins, and fluoroquinolones [ 6 , 11 , 13 , 17 , 18 ]. The fact that only fluoroquinolones have a bactericidal effect whereas the others generally show only a bacteriostatic one could explain why mycoplasma infections are slowly responsive to treatment [ 9 ], further raising the risk of AMR emergence. Considering that it is not easy to isolate mycoplasmas and the long time-to-result for MIC assessment [ 19 ], most of the antimicrobial treatments applied to the animals are usually empirical rather than being prescribed based on actual susceptibility data [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that only fluoroquinolones have a bactericidal effect whereas the others generally show only a bacteriostatic one could explain why mycoplasma infections are slowly responsive to treatment [ 9 ], further raising the risk of AMR emergence. Considering that it is not easy to isolate mycoplasmas and the long time-to-result for MIC assessment [ 19 ], most of the antimicrobial treatments applied to the animals are usually empirical rather than being prescribed based on actual susceptibility data [ 9 ]. Therefore, monitoring MICs in mycoplasmas remains crucial for the detection of AMR emergence caused by improper use of antimicrobial drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As soon as an outbreak occurs, proper medication of the animals is usually effective in reducing clinical signs and in curbing the spread of the microorganism among the different barns within a single farm [ 8 ]. However, because mycoplasmas are slow-growing organisms, the choice of the antimicrobial molecules for the treatment is often empirical rather than being addressed on the basis of in vitro susceptibility data obtained in specialized laboratories [ 9 ]. The range of antimicrobials available for treating Mg infections is narrowed by the intrinsic resistance of Mollicutes , which is linked to the absence of antimicrobial targets in the bacterium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most antimicrobials have no more than a bacteriostatic effect against mycoplasmas, generally resulting in an unsatisfactory, slow elimination of these organisms from the infected tissues. An effective treatment could be achieved using antimicrobial agents that penetrate cells (fluoroquinolones, florfenicol, lincosamides, macrolides, or tetracyclines) and through prolonged administration of the drug over time [ 9 ]. Considering this, the risk of selection of resistant strains is concrete, and remedial actions are certainly needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations during the Last Decade (2010–2020) Seems to Reveal a Comeback of Susceptibility to Macrolides, Tiamulin, and Lincomycin

et al. 2022

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) is a highly contagious avian pathogen responsible for significant economic losses for the poultry industry. In some circumstances, antimicrobial treatment is useful to contain clinical signs of Mg infection in birds. However, antimicrobial resistance emergence is now common among animal pathogens, becoming a worldwide health concern. The collection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data is fundamental for an appropriate antimicrobial use and for fighting antimicrobial resistance emergence. However, MIC data can only be generated in specialized laboratories, and therefore they are not regularly available. MICs of 67 non-vaccine-derived Mg isolates collected in Italy between 2010 and 2020 were obtained. Although 79.1% of the Mg isolates showed enrofloxacin MICs ≥8 µg/mL, a statistically significant trend toward low MICs of erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, spiramycin, tiamulin, and lincomycin was observed, indicating a comeback to susceptibility of Mg toward these drugs. Doxycycline proved to be slightly more effective than oxytetracycline. The present study shows that Mg changed its susceptibility toward many of the drugs most commonly used for its containment over a ten-year period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations during the Last Decade (2010–2020) Seems to Reveal a Comeback of Susceptibility to Macrolides, Tiamulin, and Lincomycin

et al. 2022

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“…A marked to severe decrease in neutrophils is another instance in which adversity can be determined based on severity of the change without the presence of concurrent adverse sequelae. The lower the absolute neutrophil count in dogs, the greater the likelihood of infection (Giguere 2013). In dogs with neutrophil counts of 500 to 1,000/ml, there is only a moderate risk of infection, but the risk of infection gets higher as the neutrophil count gets below 500/ml, and the risk of infection is very high at <200/ml (Dinauer and Coates 2005).…”

Section: Few Cp Biomarkers Have the Potential To Be Adverse In Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles for Assessing Adversity in Toxicologic Clinical Pathology

et al. 2017

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There is limited direction in the literature or regulatory guidance on determination of adversity for clinical pathology (CP) biomarkers in preclinical safety studies. Toxicologic clinical pathologists representing the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology-Regulatory Affairs Committee and Society of Toxicologic Pathology-Clinical Pathology Interest Group identified principles, overall approach, and unique considerations for assessing adversity in CP data interpretation to provide a consensus opinion. Emphasized is the need for pathophysiologic context and a weight-of-evidence approach. Most CP biomarkers do not have the potential to be adverse in isolation, regardless of magnitude of change. Rather, they quantify or describe the impact of effects, provide adjunct or supportive information regarding a process or pathogenesis, and provide translational biomarkers of effect. Most often, CP changes are part of a constellation of findings that collectively are adverse. Thus, most CP changes must be interpreted in conjunction with other study findings and require contextual and integrative interpretation. Exceptions include critical CP changes without correlates that indicate a health risk in the tested species. Overall, CP changes should not be interpreted in isolation and their adversity is best addressed with an integrated approach.

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The Hematopoietic System: Evaluation and Data Interpretation in Nonclinical Safety Studies

Ramaiah

2018

Comprehensive Toxicology

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Antimicrobial Therapy of Selected Bacterial Infections

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

The Monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations during the Last Decade (2010–2020) Seems to Reveal a Comeback of Susceptibility to Macrolides, Tiamulin, and Lincomycin

The Monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations during the Last Decade (2010–2020) Seems to Reveal a Comeback of Susceptibility to Macrolides, Tiamulin, and Lincomycin

Principles for Assessing Adversity in Toxicologic Clinical Pathology

The Hematopoietic System: Evaluation and Data Interpretation in Nonclinical Safety Studies

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