Antimicrobial use and farm size in China’s Shandong province

Li, Yanan; Liu, Yanyan; Hoffmann, Vivian; Zhang, Jian

doi:10.2499/p15738coll2.133568

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown a positive association between farm size and the use of antibiotics [20,21], potentially due to a greater disease pressure on farms with a high density of animals. However, it has been reported that this positive relationship might only apply when considering farms keeping up to around 500 pigs [19]. It is suggested that it is these mediumsized farms that are the heaviest users of antibiotics since larger pig farms use more vaccinations and biosecurity measures, such as segregation of animals and frequent cleaning of the premises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past surveys have identified differences in the way antibiotics are used when comparing pig production at different levels of intensification. A positive association between a large farm size and antibiotic use has been reported from various regions in the world, including Thailand [18], China [19], Nigeria [20] and the Netherlands [21]. A high use of antibiotics is often reflected in high bacterial resistance levels on farm as well as on country level [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic use in pig farms at different levels of intensification—Farmers’ practices in northeastern Thailand

et al. 2020

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Understanding the patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in livestock is crucial for tailoring efficient incentives for responsible use of antibiotics. Here we compared routines for antibiotic use between pig farms of two different levels of intensification in Khon Kaen province in Thailand. Among the 113 family-owned small-scale farms (up to 50 sows) interviewed did 76% get advice from the pharmacy about how to use the antibiotics and 84% used it primarily for treating disease. Among the 51 medium-scale-farms (100–500 sows) belonging to two companies did 100% get advice about antibiotic use from the company’s veterinarian (P<0.0001) and 94% used antibiotics mostly as disease preventive measure (P<0.0001). In 2 small scale farms 3rd generation cephalosporins, tylosin or colistin were used; antibiotics belonging to the group of highest priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine. Enrofloxacin, belonging to the same group of antimicrobials, was used in 33% of the small-scale and 41% of the medium-scale farms. In the latter farms, the companies supplied 3–4 antibiotics belonging to different classes and those were the only antibiotics used in the farms. The median and mean estimated expenditure on antibiotics per sow was 4.8 USD (IQR = 5.8) for small-scale farms and 7 USD and 3.4 USD for the medium-scale farms belonging to the two respective companies. Our observations suggest to target the following areas when pig farming transitions from small-scale to medium-scale: (i) strengthening access to professional animal health services for all farmers, (ii) review of the competence and role of veterinary pharmacies in selling antibiotics and (iii) adjustment of farming company animal health protocols towards more medically rational use of antibiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use in pig farms at different levels of intensification—Farmers’ practices in northeastern Thailand

et al. 2020

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“…Various substances in the environment, such as toxins and molecules, invade, penetrate and constitute the body, and thus a toxic environment produces a toxic body as an expression of material mobility. Through the migration of substances within, between, and outside the body, the imprint of the environment is deeply engraved in the body, and then ultimately manifests itself in the form of symptomatology [16]. In the novel, hantavirus and valley fever are pervasive, the drug cartel states have moved in, Texans, New Mexicans, and half of Latin America have been turned into drug couriers, and a large amount of the tax revenues of "Phoenix" come from drug trafficking.…”

Section: Ethical Dimension Of Climate Writing: Body Narratives Of Mat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

On Climate Writing in The Water Knife

Tang

2023

IJEH

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Contemporary American writer Paolo Bacigalupi bases his literary imagination on the real world. In The Water Knife, he makes the abstract and grandiose process of climate change tangible and palpable, and constructs a picture of the drought-ravaged American Midwest in the near-future, providing a rich narrative field for the discussion of global climate change. Through the representation and impact of climate issues presented in the novel, the paper analyzes the special manifestations and symbolic and metaphorical significance of climate writing from the historical dimension, ecological dimension and ethical dimension, with the hope of promoting people’s deeper understanding of and attention to climate change, integrating macro climate change with micro human survival experience and giving full play to the imaginative, cognitive, aesthetic, critical, educational and behavioral functions of climate change fiction, so as to enable people to better assume their responsibilities of environmental ethics, and provide useful reference for coping with climate variability and bridging ecological texture.

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Antimicrobial use and farm size in China’s Shandong province

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Antibiotic use in pig farms at different levels of intensification—Farmers’ practices in northeastern Thailand

Antibiotic use in pig farms at different levels of intensification—Farmers’ practices in northeastern Thailand

On Climate Writing in The Water Knife

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