Antimicrobial use monitoring

Apley, Michael D.; Godden, Sandra; Hope, Katie J.; Schrag, Nora F. D.

doi:10.21423/aabppro20183115

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Antimicrobial stewardship is defined as finding an optimal approach to sustaining animal health, welfare and production, minimizing selection for AMR and preserving antimicrobial efficacy through conscientious oversight (Apley et al, 2018;American Veterinary Medical Association;Antimicrobial Stewardship Guidelines). This may involve reductions in antimicrobials for animals who do not require them or increases for those who need them; notably, a responsible antimicrobial stewardship program cannot, and should not, strive towards "zero" AMU when measuring over large populations of animals (Yarrington and Moehring, 2019).…”

Section: Evaluated Indicators Can Only Partially Inform Antimicrobial...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms

et al. 2023

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global One Health threat. A portion of AMR development can be attributed to antimicrobial use (AMU) in animals, including dairy cattle. Quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms is necessary to inform antimicrobial stewardship strategies and help evaluate the relationship between AMU and AMR. Many AMU indicators have been proposed for quantifying AMU in dairy cattle. However, these indicators are difficult to interpret and compare because they differ in the type of data used, the calculation approach, and the definitions of variables and parameters used in the calculation. Therefore, we selected 16 indicators (count-based, mass-based, and dose-based) applicable for quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms. We systematized the indicators by standardizing their variables and parameters to improve their interchangeability, interpretation, and comparability. We scored indicators against six data-driven criteria (assessing their accuracy, data and effort needs, and level of privacy concern) and five stewardship-driven criteria (assessing their ability to capture trends and inform antimicrobial stewardship). The derived standardized indicators will aid farmers and veterinarians in selecting suitable indicators based on data availability and stewardship needs on a farm. The comparison of indicators revealed a trade-off requiring farmers to balance the granularity of data necessary for an accurate indicator and effort to collect the data, and a trade-off relevant to farmers interested in data sharing to inform stewardship because more accurate indicators are typically based on more sensitive information. Indicators with better accuracy tended to score better in stewardship criteria. Overall, two dose-based indicators, estimating the number of treatments and administered doses, scored best in accuracy and stewardship. Conversely, two count-based indicators, estimating the length of AMU, and a mass-based indicator, estimating the mass of administered antimicrobials, performed best in the effort and privacy criteria. These findings are expected to benefit One Health by aiding the uptake of farm-level AMU indicators by U.S. dairy farms.

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Section: Evaluated Indicators Can Only Partially Inform Antimicrobial...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms

et al. 2023

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Antimicrobial Metaphylaxis and its Impact on Health, Performance, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Contextual Antimicrobial Use in High-Risk Beef Stocker Calves

Credille,

Berghaus,

Jane Miller

et al. 2023

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this blinded, cluster randomized, complete block trial was to evaluate the impact of metaphylaxis on health, performance, antimicrobial resistance, and contextual antimicrobial use (AMU) in high-risk beef stocker calves. Calves (n=155) were randomly assigned to receive either saline or tulathromycin at the time of arrival processing. Deep nasopharyngeal swabs (DNP) were collected from each calf at arrival and 14 days later. Calves were monitored for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) for 42 days. Body weights were obtained at arrival, day 14, 28, and 42. Contextual antimicrobial use (AMU) was calculated using dose and mass-based metrics. Calves given tulathromycin had greater average daily gain (ADG, 0.96 ± 0.07 kg vs 0.82 ± 0.07 kg; P = 0.034) and lower prevalence of BRD than controls (17% vs 40%; P = 0.008]. Proportions of calves with BRD pathogens identified at arrival were similar between treatment groups [17%; P = 0.94]. Proportions of calves with BRD pathogens identified at day 14 were lower for calves receiving tulathromycin compared to controls (15% vs 60%, P < 0.001). Overall, 81% of P. multocida isolates and 47% of M. haemolytica isolates were pansusceptible. When measured as regimens per head in, AMU in calves receiving tulathromycin was higher than calves receiving saline (P = 0.01). Under the conditions of this study, metaphylaxis had positive impacts on health and performance of high-risk beef stocker calves, did not contribute to the selection of resistant bacterial isolates in the nasopharynx of treated cattle, and increased AMU.

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Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Surplus Dairy Calf Production Systems

et al. 2022

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Surplus calves, which consist predominately of male calves born on dairy farms, are an underrecognized source of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens. Current production systems for surplus calves have important risk factors for the dissemination of pathogens, including the high degree of commingling during auction and transportation and sometimes inadequate care early in life. These circumstances contribute to an increased risk of respiratory and other infectious diseases, resulting in higher antimicrobial use (AMU) and the development of AMR. Several studies have shown that surplus calves harbor AMR genes and pathogens that are resistant to critically important antimicrobials. This is a potential concern as the resistant pathogens and genes can be shared between animal, human and environmental microbiomes. Although knowledge of AMU and AMR has grown substantially in dairy and beef cattle systems, comparable studies in surplus calves have been mostly neglected in North America. Therefore, the overall goal of this narrative review is to summarize the existing literature regarding AMU and AMR in surplus dairy calf production, highlight the management practices contributing to the increased AMU and the resulting AMR, and discuss potential strategies and barriers for improved antimicrobial stewardship in surplus calf production systems.

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Antimicrobial use monitoring

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms

Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms

Antimicrobial Metaphylaxis and its Impact on Health, Performance, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Contextual Antimicrobial Use in High-Risk Beef Stocker Calves

Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Surplus Dairy Calf Production Systems

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