Antimigratory Effects of the Methanol Extract fromMomordica charantiaon Human Lung Adenocarcinoma CL1 Cells

Abstract

Momordica charantia has been found to exhibit anticancer activity, in addition to its well-known therapeutic functions. We have demonstrated that the leaf extract of Momordica charantia (MCME) induces apoptosis in several human cancer cells through caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways. In this study, a different susceptibility to MCME was found in human lung adenocarcinoma CL1 cells with different metastatic ability, leading to the significant difference of cell viability and invasiveness between MCME-treated CL1-0 and CL1-5 cells. MCME was found to upregulate the expression of Wnt-2 and affect the migratory and invasive ability of CL1 cells through suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymatic activities. We proposed that MCME mediates inhibition against migration of CL1 cells by reducing the expression and activation of Src and FAK to decrease the expression of downstream Akt, β-catenin, and MMPs.

Focal Adhesion Kinase and Wnt Signaling Regulate Human Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Stem Cell Activity and Response to Radiotherapy

“…We show over activation of Wnt signaling can rescue self-renewal in both cell lines therefore it is likely that other Wnt ligands (not just Wnt3a) or other activating mechanism may be playing a role downstream of FAK. Our schematic model of FAK-Wnt crosstalk highlights our findings, shows published signaling mechanisms [42][43][44][45][46][47], and highlights areas for future investigation (Fig. 6D).…”

“…(D): FAK‐Wnt signaling model—Black dashed arrows show mechanism in DCIS stem cells where active FAK may increase Wnt3a and other Wnt ligands activating Wnt signaling and CSC self‐renewal or may directly activate the β‐Catenin signaling pathway. Published signaling mechanisms and mediators are shown in blue, Wnt3a is upregulated by FAK in Xenopus laevis , FAK signals via Grb2 although Dvl and β‐Catenin or Jnk in HEK293 kidney cells , FAK activates Wnt signaling via PI3K/AKT signaling in skin , lung adenocarcinoma , periodontal ligament cells , and breast cancer cell lines . Fz—Frizzled receptor, β‐Cat—β‐Catenin, Jnk—c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, Grb‐2—Growth factor receptor‐bound protein 2, Dvl—Dishevelled.…”

“…This was true regardless of whether treatment was given during nonadherent mammosphere culture, as a pretreatment during 3D matrigel culture or xenografts in vivo. Thus, demonstrating that FAK inhibition affected human DCIS stem/progenitor cells while being situated in extracellular [42], FAK signals via Grb2 although Dvl and b-Catenin or Jnk in HEK293 kidney cells [43], FAK activates Wnt signaling via PI3K/AKT signaling in skin [44], lung adenocarcinoma [45], periodontal ligament cells [46], and breast cancer cell lines [47]. Fz-Frizzled receptor, b-Cat-b-Catenin, Jnk-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, Grb-2-Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, Dvl-Dishevelled.…”

Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer

“…Amongst other cancers examined after treatment with MC extract include adrenocortical cancer cells [152] , human lung adenocarcinoma CL1 cells with different metastatic ability [153–154] , human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 and HONE1 cells [155] , and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells [156] .…”

Bitter Melon as a Therapy for Diabetes, Inflammation, and Cancer: a Panacea?

“…MC has been evaluated in other cancers including cervical cancer [92,93], leukemia [94][95][96][97], adrenocortical cancer [98], adenocarcinoma of rat prostate [99], human lung adenocarcinoma cells with different metastatic ability [100], human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 and HONE1 cells [101], and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells [102].…”