Antimony in brake pads-a carcinogenic component?

Uexküll, Ole von; Skerfving, Staffan; Doyle, Reed; Braungart, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.10.008

Cited by 188 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The Langmuir isotherm model (a non-linear isotherm with two-fitting parameters) was used for the calculation of q m (2):…”

Section: Data Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) are crucial pollutants because of their toxicity, lack of degradability, and their ubiquitous presence in the environment as a consequence of their industrial use [1][2][3]. Among these metals, the last four elements occur in highest concentrations in highway runoff [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Huber

Badenberg

Wulff

et al. 2016

Water

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For the development of decentralized treatment systems for road runoff, the determination of pollutant removal capacities is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of boundary conditions on the simultaneous removal of copper, nickel, and zinc by six sorbents used for urban stormwater treatment (i.e., granular activated alumina, anthracite, granular reactivated carbon, granular ferric hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and granular activated lignite). For batch experiments, capacities were determined at initial concentrations within the range of 2.5-180 mg/L with a rotary shaker. Further influences were investigated: the use of a horizontal shaker for concentrations of up to 1080 mg/L, a variation of the initial pH value (5 and 7), and the presence of a buffer. Furthermore, the influences of the filtration process on the capacities were studied. Kinetic experiments were conducted for contact times between 5 min and 120 min. Lab-scale column experiments with inflow concentrations of 2.5 mg/L (copper and nickel) and 5.0 mg/L (zinc) at an initial pH of 5 and a contact time of 11 min were performed for comparison. Selected experiments were subsequently carried out with changes in initial concentrations and contact time. One result is that it is essential to conduct batch experiments with the metals of interest. The capacities determined by column experiments deviated from batch experiments. Batch experiments under well-defined conditions can be used to evaluate different production batches. Column experiments give a more faithful capacity by considering realistic boundary conditions and should be preferred to determine efficiencies and service lives.

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“…The Langmuir isotherm model (a non-linear isotherm with two-fitting parameters) was used for the calculation of q m (2):…”

Section: Data Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Huber

Badenberg

Wulff

et al. 2016

Water

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“…In recent years, it has become clear that the wear on vehicle braking systems generates Sb oxide accumulation in atmospheric particulate matter (von Uexküll et al, 2005), and it subsequently leads to human occupational exposure, leading to more than 15-fold of Sb exposure for these individuals than for non-exposed humans (Quiroz et al, 2013b(Quiroz et al, , 2009). This exposure can generate toxic health effects, which has been observed in other cases of human exposure to Sb, such as kidney, lung and skin damage (Roper WL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of antimony species in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) and their comparison with arsenic species

2016

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-Antimony cytotoxicity was assessed in human embryonic kidney cells . Uptake, mitochondrial respiratory activity, ROS generation and diffusional kinetics were measured using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Furthermore, the toxic effect induced by Sb was compared with As toxicity in regard to ROS generation and diffusional kinetics, which provides information on the protein aggregation process. Our results show a favored uptake of Sb(III) and a more severe effect, decreasing the mitochondrial activity more than in the presence of Sb(V). In comparison with As, the Sb species did not generate a significant increase in ROS generation, which was observed with As(III) and As(V). FRAP analysis yielded important information on the diffusion and binding dynamics of live cells in presence of these metalloids. The mobile fraction showed a strong decrease with the As species and Sb(III). The diffusion rate and the k off-rate were significantly decreased for the As and Sb species but were more strong in the presence of As(III).

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“…Antimony exists mainly as inorganic Sb(V) and Sb(III) in water. The deprotonated form of antimonic acid, Sb(OH) 6 À , is the dominant Sb(V) species over most environmentally relevant pH values (pH 3-10) in oxygenated water, while Sb(III) is present in the ambient aquatic environment as uncharged antimonous acid Sb(OH) 3 [3]. In unpolluted fresh water, typical concentrations of dissolved antimony are less than 1 lg/L [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graphene oxide/schwertmannite nanocomposites and their application in Sb(V) adsorption from water

Dong

Dou

Mohan

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

102

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h i g h l i g h t sGraphene oxide and schwertmannite were combined into nanocomposites. A synergistic effect on Sb(V) uptake was observed for the composite adsorbent. The schwertmannite component is the main active phase in the composite for Sb(V) uptake. The surface groups of graphene oxide also contributed to Sb(V) adsorption. Schwertmannite was incorporated onto graphene oxide to form nanocomposites (GO-SCH) to serve as an adsorbent for Sb(V) removal. A synergistic effect on Sb(V) uptake was observed for the composite adsorbent. A maximum Sb(V) adsorption capacity of 158.6 mg Sb(V)/g of GO-SCH at an equilibrium Sb(V) concentration of 8.0 mg/L at pH 7.0 was obtained. This capacity is superior to either GO or SCH alone. The effect of contact time, solution pH and co-existing competitive anions on Sb(V) uptake by GO-SCH was evaluated. External mass transfer governed the Sb(V) uptake kinetics within 1 h. After 1 h, intraparticle diffusion gradually became predominant. Common co-existing anions at their natural environmental concentrations had little effect on the performance of GO-SCH. Sb(V) in spiked tap water (100 lg/L), simulated river water (6400 lg/L), and acid mine drainage (50,000 lg/L) was adsorbed by GO-SCH to well below the regulation levels for these waters. XRD and SEM analyses showed that SCH was well incorporated among GO platelets and highly dispersed on the GO carrier's surface. FTIR and Raman spectra showed that both SCH and GO surfaces in the composites contribute to Sb(V) removal and SCH was the main active phase. This was also confirmed by XPS Fe 2p spectra. Sb 3d 3/2 XPS spectra indicated that no surface precipitation or reduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III) occurred. Deconvolution of C 1s XPS spectra and Boehm titration indicated the surface carboxyl, lactonic and phenolic hydroxyl groups of GO also contribute to Sb(V) removal. The outstanding Sb(V) uptake ability of GO-SCH suggests it is a promising adsorbent for antimony removal from contaminated water.

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Antimony in brake pads-a carcinogenic component?

Cited by 188 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Lab-Scale Studies to Determine Heavy Metal Removal by Six Sorbents for Stormwater Treatment

Mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of antimony species in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) and their comparison with arsenic species

Synthesis of graphene oxide/schwertmannite nanocomposites and their application in Sb(V) adsorption from water

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