Antimutagenic activity of some saponins isolated from Calendula officinalis L., C. arvensis L. and Hedera helix L.

Abstract

Thirteen saponins were isolated and identified from Calendula officinalis, C. arvensis and Hedera helix. Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of these products were investigated using a modified liquid incubation technique of the Salmonella/microsomal assay. The Salmonella tester strain TA98 +/- S9 mix was used. Screening of the antimutagenic activity was performed with a known promutagen: benzo-[a]pyrene (BaP) and a mutagenic urine concentrate from a smoker (SU). Antimutagenic activities were also compared with the activity of chlorophyllin. All the saponins were found to be non-toxic and non-mutagenic for doses of 400 micrograms. Chlorophyllin inhibited the mutagenic activities of BaP (1 microgram) and SU (5 microliters) in a dose-dependent manner. The four saponins from C. arvensis and the three saponins from H. helix showed antimutagenic activity against BaP (1 microgram) and SU (5 microliters) with a dose-response relationship. The possible mechanism of the antimutagenic activity of saponins is discussed.

The study of the calendula flowers extraction process

“…Pot marigold possesses the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, wound healing, spasmolytic, hypotensive and sedative properties, increases the metabolic function of the liver. A wide therapeutic activity of calendula is explained by the presence of a considerable number of carotenoids, flavonoids, salicylic acid, vitamins and other compounds [8][9][10][11].…”

“…Pot marigold possesses the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, wound healing, spasmolytic, hypotensive and sedative properties, increases the metabolic function of the liver. A wide therapeutic activity of calendula is explained by the presence of a considerable number of carotenoids, flavonoids, salicylic acid, vitamins and other compounds [8][9][10][11].At chemical and pharmaceutical enterprises Calendula tincture is obtained by simple maceration or percolation with 70° ethanol [1,3].These methods of tincture production do not meet modern requirements since the time required to obtain the finished product is long enough, and the plant raw material is exhausted only by 70% [2,3,5,7].Pressure enhanced solvent extraction takes the conventional solvent based extraction technology to a new level. This extraction technology effectively combines the use of solvents and elevated pressures to provide superior yields of high quality extracts from naturally occurring materials [4].…”

Cytotoxic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Convolvulus arvensis L (Convolvulaceae) on Lymphoblastic Leukemia Jurkat Cells

“…It also has polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids and tannins in its aerial parts [6] as well as thirteen saponins [7]. Its leaves contain flavonoids and glycosides like Kaempferol 3-mono-glycosides and Quercetin 3-mono or diglycosides [8].…”

α‐hederin potentiates 5‐FU antitumor activity in human colon adenocarcinoma cells

“…1) distributed in Hedera or Nigella species displays many biological activities such as hemolytic, antispasmodic (Trute et al, 1997), antiinflammatory (Choi et al, 2002a(Choi et al, , 2002bKim et al, 2002), antileishmanial (Delmas et al, 2000;Ridoux et al, 2001), molluscicidal and cytotoxic (Park et al, 2001), partially due to their interaction with the cell membrane (Chwalek et al, 2006). α-Hederin is increasingly investigated for its promising antitumor potential since it revealed cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines (Quetin-Leclercq et al, 1992;Danloy et al, 1994;Rooney and Ryan, 2005a;Tian et al, 2006) and in vivo tumors (Kumara and Huat, 2001) with antimutagenic activity (Elias et al, 1990;Amara-Mokrane et al, 1996;Lee et al, 2000). It has been suggested that α-hederin exerts its cytotoxic activity by promoting apoptosis and/or membrane alterations, although the molecular and cellular mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated (Swamy and Huat, 2003;Rooney and Ryan, 2005b).…”