Antinociceptive activities of crude methanolic extract and phases, n-butanolic, chloroformic and ethyl acetate from Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpaceae)

Abstract

RESUMO: "Atividade antinociceptiva do extrato metanólico bruto e das fases n-butanólica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila de Caulerpa recemosa (Caulerpaceae)". Neste estudo, tentamos identificar a atividade antinociceptiva do extrato metanólico bruto e das fases n-butanólica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila provenientes da alga Caulerpa racemosa. Esta alga é cosmopolita no mundo, principalmente em regiões tropicais. O extrato metanólico bruto e as fases n-butanólica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila foram administrados por via oral, na concentração de 100 mg/ kg. Estes foram capazes de reduzir a nocicepção produzida pelo ácido acético, sendo 47,39%, 70,51%, 76,11% e 72,24%, respectivamente. No ensaio da placa quente as fases clorofórmica e acetato de etila foram ativas neste modelo. Na fase neurogênica do teste de formalina, foi observado que o extrato metanólico bruto (51,77%), fase n-butanólica (35,12%), fase clorofórmica (32,70%) e indometacina (32,06%) foram eficazes em inibir a resposta nociceptiva. Na fase inflamatória, apenas a fase acetato de etila (75,43%) e indometacina (47,83%) foram capazes de inibir significativamente a resposta nociceptiva. Com base nestes dados, podemos sugerir que o a fase acetato de etila apresenta um significativo efeito anti-inflamatório, cuja potência ainda não foi determinada. No entanto, estudos farmacológicos e químicos serão necessários, a fim de caracterizar o mecanismo responsável pela ação antinociceptiva e também para identificar outros princípios ativos presentes na alga Caulerpa racemosa.Unitermos: Caulerpa racemosa, Caulerpaceae, antinociceptivo, anti-inflamatório, alga. ABSTRACT:In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antinociceptive actions of n-butanolic phase, chloroformic phase, ethyl acetate phase and crude methanolic extract obtained from Caulerpa racemosa. This seaweed is cosmopolitan in world, mainly in tropical regions. The n-butanolic, chloroformic, ethyl acetate phases and crude methanolic extract, all administered orally in the concentration of 100 mg/kg, reduced the nociception produced by acetic acid by 47.39%, 70.51%, 76.11% and 72.24%, respectively. In the hotplate test the chloroformic and ethyl acetate phase were activite in this models. In the neurogenic phase on formalin test, were observed that crude methanolic extract (51.77%), n-butanolic phase (35.12%), chloroformic phase (32.70%) and indomethacin (32.06%) were effective in inhibit the nociceptive response. In the inflammatory phase, only the ethyl acetate phase (75.43%) and indomethacin (47.83%) inhibited significantly the nociceptive response. Based on these data, we can infer that the ethyl acetate phase shows a significant anti-inflammatory profile, whose power has not yet been determined. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive action and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa.

Spasmolytic Effect of Caulerpine Involves Blockade of Ca2+ Influx on Guinea Pig Ileum

“…Our research group reported some pharmacological activities of marine algae and their secondary metabolites [16,30,31,32]. Recently, we described the antinociceptive activity of caulerpine [16].…”

Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Caulerpa kempfii (Caulerpaceae)

“…These studies include works that demonstrated that a lectin and sulfated polysaccharides from C. cupressoides exhibited antinociceptive effects. 32,37 Souza et al 30 showed that a bisindole alkaloid, caulerpin, isolated from genus Caulerpa had antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore Matta et al 31 evaluated the antinociceptive activity of C. mexicana and C. sertularioides and obtained similar results as ours.…”

“…While the standard drug, indomethacin (p.o) reduced the time by 24.9% (53.0 ± 6.1; p < 0.05) (Figure 2A). Souza et al 30 assessed the crude methanolic extract and n-butanol and chloroform phases of C. racemosa in that same assay, and observed a inhibition of nociceptive response of 51.8, 35.1 and 32.7%, respectively 30 . In another study conducted by our group, treatment with the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of C. mexicana produced a decrease in paw-licking time of 39.7, 31.1, 60.2 and 50.2%, respectively, in the neurogenic phase of the formalin test.…”

“…Some examples are the characteristic metabolites of the genus Caulerpa, such as caulerpin, a bisindolic alkaloid with antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activity in murine models, described by our group. 30 In addition, recent studies conducted in our laboratory demonstrated that caulerpin is able to inhibit COX (unpublished data).…”

“…28, 29 Thus, given that other species of Caulerpa [30][31][32] have shown antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, the aim of this work was to evaluate these pharmacological properties in C. kempfii.…”