Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Saponin and Iridoid Glycosides from Verbascum pterocalycinum var. mutense Hub.-Mor.

Abstract

The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of four major compounds from the flowers of Verbascum pterocalycinum var. mutense were investigated. Saponin glycosides called ilwensisaponin A and C and iridoid glycosides known as ajugol and picroside IV were isolated from the methanolic extract. A dose-related anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive response were obtained in this study at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The results of the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity induced by carrageenan and PGE 1 showed that this species possesses active constituents that could diminish the cyclooxygenase activitiy. No effects were observed in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema model. Our results support the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Verbascum pterocalycinum var. mutense. Ilwensisaponins A and C could explain in part the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of this species. Although antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ajugol and picroside IV were found insignificant in the statistical analysis, ilwensisaponin A and C showed notable activity without inducing any apparent acute toxicity as well as gastric damage.

Amelioration of Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat by the Administration of Methanol Extract ofMuntingia calaburaL. Leaves

“…For example, flavonoids have been reported to exert antioxidant [33, 34], anti-inflammatory [35], and hepatoprotective [34, 35] activities. Moreover, saponins have been reported to exert hepatoprotective activity via modulation of its antioxidant [36] and anti-inflammatory activities [37], while condensed tannins have been suggested to possess free radical scavenging and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities [38]. Based on all of the reports, the MEMC-induced hepatoprotective activity is suggested to possibly involve the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins, and condensed tannins.…”

Antinociceptive Activity of Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Harrisonia Abyssinica Oliv and Landolphia Buchananii (Hallier F.) Stapf in Mice Model

“…Phenols, which were also detected in both extracts, have been shown to exert antinociceptive effect in mice in an opiod-mediated action according to a study on the extract of Emilia sonchifolia [32]. Saponins, which were also found in both extracts although in trace amounts in H. abyssinica, have also been associated with analgesic effects [33]. Some studies have also shown sterol constituents possess analgesic actions.…”

A pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study in rats of three naturally occurring iridoid glycosides, Picroside-I, II and III, using a validated simultaneous HPLC–MS/MS assay

“…1.) are revealed to have effects of antioxidant [3], antinociception [4], anti-inflammation [4,5], anti-hepatitis-B virus [6], anti-myocardial ischemia [7], inhibiting multi-drug resistance of tumor [8], neuroprotective [9] and hepatoprotective [10] used clinically in the treatment of liver diseases for a long time. By improving mitochondrial function it reverses liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride, d-galactosamine or acetaminophen [11].…”