Antinociceptive and neuropharmacological activities of methanol extract of Phoenix sylvestris fruit pulp

Abstract

Fruits of Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. (Arecaceae) are used to treat back pain, toothache, headache, arthritis, nervous debility and as sedative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and neuropharmacological activities of methanol extract of P. sylvestris fruit pulp (MEPS). The antinociceptive activity of MEPS was evaluated by heat-induced (hot plate, tail immersion test) and chemical-induced pain models (acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced nociception, glutamate-induced nociception and paw edema test). The effect of MEPS on central nervous system (CNS) was studied using hole cross test, open field test, sodium thiopental-induced sleeping time and elevated plus maze test. MEPS showed strong, significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in all heat-induced and chemical-induced pain models at all experimental doses. Involvement of opioid receptor mediated analgesia was evident from the reversal of analgesic effect by naloxone. MEPS also showed reduced locomotor activity in both hole cross and open field tests. The increase in sleeping time in sodium thiopental-induced sleeping test and anxiolytic activity in elevated plus maze test were also significant. So, it is evident that MEPS possesses strong central and peripheral antinociceptive activity as well as CNS depressant, sedative and anxiolytic activity. The results justify the ethnomedicinal use of P. sylvestris fruit in different painful conditions and CNS disorders.

Analgesic effects of astilbin partially via calcium channels through regulation on CaMKII

“…This study provides the first support for the analgesic properties of AB, through classical mice models. As a nonselective screening model for analgesia, the acetic acid-induced writhing test was performed to evaluate the analgesic properties of AB (Shajib, Akter, Ahmed, & Imam, 2015). It was combined with the hot plate test to distinguish the central antinociceptive effect from the peripheral effect (Srinivasan et al, 2003).…”

Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Lectin from Marine Red Alga Solieria filiformis

“…The hot plate test represents acute phasic thermal pain and induces nociception via the supraspinal reflex [14,20]. This model is a specific central antinociceptive test in which opioid agents exert their analgesic effects via supraspinal and spinal receptors [14]. Thus, in this test, the treatment of animals with SfL (1, 3, or 9 mg/kg, i. v.) and indomethacin did not show any antinociceptive effect in the reaction time.…”

“…The acetic acid-induced writhing reaction in mice has been largely used as a screening tool for the assessment of analgesic or anti-inflammatory properties of new agents and has been described as a typical model for visceral inflammatory pain [13]. The acetic acid injected intraperitoneally (i. p.) causes the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin, bradykinin, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and several cytokines [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and chemokines] [14,15]. The result is an acute inflammation of the peritoneum with irritation and pain, which makes the animal respond with abdominal writhing [16].…”

“…Thus, to furher investigate the origin of this antinociceptive action, we carried out the hot plate test. The hot plate test represents acute phasic thermal pain and induces nociception via the supraspinal reflex [14,20]. This model is a specific central antinociceptive test in which opioid agents exert their analgesic effects via supraspinal and spinal receptors [14].…”

Preliminary Phytochemical and Pharmacological Screenings of Plumbago indica L. and Alpinia conchigera Griff.

“…The effect of the plant extracts on central nervous system (CNS) was examined by using open field test as described by Shajib et al (2015). 17 The animals were divided into five groups, Data analysis. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM.…”