Antinociceptive Effect ofTephrosia sinapouExtract in the Acetic Acid, Phenyl-p-benzoquinone, Formalin, and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Models of Overt Pain-Like Behavior in Mice

Abstract

Tephrosia toxicaria, which is currently known as Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev. (Fabaceae), is a source of compounds such as flavonoids. T. sinapou has been used in Amazonian countries traditional medicine to alleviate pain and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of T. sinapou ethyl acetate extract in overt pain-like behavior models in mice by using writhing response and flinching/licking tests. We demonstrated in this study that T. sinapou extract inhibited, in a dose (1–100 mg/kg) dependent manner, acetic acid- and phenyl-p-benzoquinone- (PBQ-) induced writhing response. Furthermore, it was active via intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and peroral routes of administration. T. sinapou extract also inhibited formalin- and complete Freund's adjuvant- (CFA-) induced flinching/licking at 100 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that T. sinapou ethyl acetate extract reduces inflammatory pain in the acetic acid, PBQ, formalin, and CFA models of overt pain-like behavior. Therefore, the potential of analgesic activity of T. sinapou indicates that it deserves further investigation.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism

“…Furthermore, the EtOAc extract displayed antinociceptive activity in the p-benzoquinone-induced writhing mouse model (Table 3). Acetic acid and p-benzoquinone mouse models are simple and fast for the screening of antinociceptive activity [33]. Furthermore, they involve complex mechanisms, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and opening of ion channels [34,35].…”

Antiallodynic and anti-hyperalgesia effects ofTiliacora triandraagainst cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy

“…The formalin test is one of the most common method used for accessing pain related parameters in animal models. The subcutaneous injection of formalin into the hind paw induces two phases of nociception, the initial phase (neurogenic phase) kick starts immediately after formalin injection for about 5 min, and it arises due to the direct stimulation of primary nociceptive neurons and pain fibres and it is largely dependent on chemical messengers such as serotonin and histamine (López-Cano et al 2017;Martinez et al 2016). The second phase (inflammatory phase) which last between 15 and 30 min after the administration of formalin is associated with the onset of inflammatory reactions which is largely mediated by central nociceptive neurons sensitisation involving the recruitment of cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins (Martinez et al 2016).…”

“…The subcutaneous injection of formalin into the hind paw induces two phases of nociception, the initial phase (neurogenic phase) kick starts immediately after formalin injection for about 5 min, and it arises due to the direct stimulation of primary nociceptive neurons and pain fibres and it is largely dependent on chemical messengers such as serotonin and histamine (López-Cano et al 2017;Martinez et al 2016). The second phase (inflammatory phase) which last between 15 and 30 min after the administration of formalin is associated with the onset of inflammatory reactions which is largely mediated by central nociceptive neurons sensitisation involving the recruitment of cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins (Martinez et al 2016). The acetic acid writings model is associated with the existence of peritoneum visceral pain involving a complex interplay involving proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, sympathomimetic amines and eicosanoids via the activation of mast cells and peritoneal macrophages (Nawaz et al 2018;Martinez et al 2016).…”

“…The second phase (inflammatory phase) which last between 15 and 30 min after the administration of formalin is associated with the onset of inflammatory reactions which is largely mediated by central nociceptive neurons sensitisation involving the recruitment of cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins (Martinez et al 2016). The acetic acid writings model is associated with the existence of peritoneum visceral pain involving a complex interplay involving proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, sympathomimetic amines and eicosanoids via the activation of mast cells and peritoneal macrophages (Nawaz et al 2018;Martinez et al 2016). Administration of acetic acid provokes contraction of the abdominal cavity, dorsal abdominal muscles twisting as well as the whole body movement (Le Bars et al 2001;Nawaz et al 2018).…”

The Use of Euterpe oleracea Mart. As a New Perspective for Disease Treatment and Prevention

“…All extracts were able to significantly reduce the number of abdominal contortions, and the antinociceptive response was improved as the concentration was increased. The patent suggests the use of these extracts for pain treatment as a general attempt, since the method is sensitive to antinociception in the central and peripheral nervous system, muscle relaxants, and sedatives [ 99 , 100 ].…”