Antinutritional and toxic effects in rats of individual glucosinolates (± myrosinases) added to a standard diet (2)

Abstract

Denmark. Seeds ofEruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. em. Thell. ssp. sutiva Thell. were obtained from (RAHMAN et JI. 1986). Seeds ot' Crumbc riruritimu L. were collected troni the natural sites in Denmark. Seeds ofEruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. em. Thell. ssp. sativa Thell. were obtained from U S . and multiplied by growing of the plants at Hojbakkegaard, Taastrup, Denmark. Seeds of Iberis amara L., Tropaeolum majm L. cv. Grandiflorum and Cheiruntus cheiri L. were purchased from J. E. Ohlsens Enke A/S, Taastrup, Denmark. Seeds of Sinapis alba L. were obtained from Trifolium-Silo A/S, Taastrup, Denmark. General methods and instrumentationMethods and equipment used for paper chromatography (PC), high voltage electrophoresis (HVE), 'H-and I3C-NMR have been described previously (OLSEN and SORENSEN 1980). The glucosinolate analysis was performed on intact glucosinolates and desulfoglucosinolates using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as described elesewhere (BJERG and SORENSEN 1987a). Isolation of intact glucosinolatesThe techniques used for isolation and characterization of the glucosinolates have followed the principles described previously (BJERG and S~R E N S E N 1987 b). Seeds (100 g) were homogenized with an Ultra-Turrax homogenizer in boiling methanol: water (7: 3; 0.6 1) cooled and filtered. The residue was treated twice in this way and the combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuum to about 30 ml and extracted with 2 x 30 ml chloroform. After centrifugation the water phase was transferred to a column ofAmberlite IR-120 (H+; 5 x 40 cm) connected in series to a column ofEcteola-cellulose (AcO-; 5 x 100 cm). The two columns were flushed with water (2 1) after which the glucosinolates were eluted from the Ecteola column with 1 M pyridine. Glucosinolate containing fractions were pooled, concentrated and transferred to a column ofAmberlite IR-120 (K+; 5 x 40 cm). The column was flushed with water and the fractions with potassium salts of the glucosinolates were take to dryness before final purification on Sephadex, Polyclar AT and/or SPE columns as described elsewhere (BJERG and SORENSEN 1987 b). The purity of the isolated glucosinolates was determined by the previously described methods (BJERG and SORENSEN 1987b) including PC, HVE, HPLC, 'Hand 13C-NMR. In this way seeds of C. maritima (83 g) afforded epiprogoitrin (4.6 9); seeds of E. vesicaria (100 g) afforded glucoraphanin (2.8 g), glucoerucin and lower amounts of some other glucosinolates; seeds of B. cumpestris cv. Sampad (200 g) afforded gluconapin (5.9 8); seeds of I. urnara (200 g) afforded glucoiberin (12 g); seeds of T. majzs cv. grandiflorum (200 g) afforded glucotropaeolin (8 g); seeds of C. cheiri (200 g) afforded glucocheirolin (10 8).The isolated crystalline glucosinolates were stored under vacuum in a desiccator until use. Preparation of myrosinasesThe thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1 (myronisases) were extracted from seeds of Sinapis ulba L. according to the procedure of BILLE et al. (1983 b), with centrifugations carried...

Caecal fermentation characteristics, blood composition and growth of rabbits on substitution of soya-bean meal by unconventional high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as protein supplement

“…Rat diet containing 100 g crambe meal in each kg DM resulted in poor gain and increased thyroid (Wallig et al, 2002). Glucosinolates-associated deleterious effects are due to change in thyroid morphology, resulting in irregular follicle size, decreased colloid and sloughing of follicular cells; however this glucosinolate level did not affect blood parameters (Aumaitre et al, 1989;Bjerg et al, 1989). Reduced CTTAD of DM was due to negative effect of TGLS on digestion (Duncan and Milne, 1990), whereas the increased CTTAD of protein on MM incorporation could be the influence of better amino acid balance of MM (De Blas et al, 1984).…”

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography—Synchronous monitoring of substrate and products in the myrosinase catalysed hydrolysis of glucosinolates

“…Oxazolidine-2-thiones (OZTs), especially goitrin from progoitrin ( Fig. 2), have appreciable antinutritional or negative effects on the quality of food and feed used for monogastric animals, whereas other OZTs do not have so strong physiological effects [17,18]. Other glucosinolate and isothiocyanate derived products, especially sulphoraphane from glucoraphanin and its dithiocarbamates, and the degradation compounds of the indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolates have been reported to have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties [6,[19][20][21].…”

Protein modeling and active site binding mode interactions of myrosinase–sinigrin in Brassica juncea—An in silico approach

“…This arrangement is referred to as "the myrosinase-glucosinolate bomb" in cruciferous plants. Till now, myrosinase catalyzed hydrolysis of glucosinolates has largely been studied for its antinutritional effects in animal feed [8][9][10]. But in recent years these compounds have gained considerable attention for their unique biological and chemical properties, such as biodegradable biocides comprising antifungal, nematicidal and insecticidal activities [11][12][13][14], deterrents of generalist herbivores [15], herbicidal [16], anticarcinogenic [17][18][19][20][21][22] and allelopathic action [23].…”