Antinutritional Factors Reduction from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Roots by Grating or Chipping Processing Technique in Mtwara Tanzania

Abstract

Regular intake of diets high in cyanogenic amount in iodine deficiency areas with limited sulfur supply diets have been associated with the development of hypothyroidism, goiter and cretinism in young and adult populations. This study aimed at the investigation of the suitable processing technique for the production of high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) with acceptable consumption level of cyanide residues from different cassava varieties available at Mmongo village in Mtwara region. Grating technique was used to produce wet and dried cassava grits, whereas chipping technique produced wet and dried cassava chips. The wet and dried cassava products were all produced in a single day and under the same environmental conditions. The results showed that the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in fresh cassava roots was 62.18–139.28 mg HCN/kg. Upon processing, the cyanide was lower (P<0.05) in wet cassava grits 24.27–76.74 mg HCN/Kg but higher in wet cassava chips 44.81–92.57 mg HCN/kg. After sun drying, the HCN retention was higher in dried cassava chips (10.7–14.2%) and lower in dried cassava grits (7.3–9.1%). Grating, efficiently reduced HCN from bitter cassava roots to the level within the WHO/FAO recommended safe limit (10 mg HCN/kg) as chipping only suite for sweet cassava roots. Therefore, HQCF can be nutritionally strategic cassava product consumed regularly and during food shortage without causing potential health problems even in iodine deficiency areas.

Characterization of the root and flour of South African Manihot esculenta Crantz landraces and their potential end-use properties

“…This enzymatic action is responsible for the decrease in the cyanogenic content of the flour when compared to the root. [28,80] Other process steps such as milling and drying also result in loss of cyanide in cassava. [81,82] The cyanoglucosides content in the root parenchyma normally ranges from 1-1550 mg HCN/kg of fresh weight.…”

Cassava Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato Composite Gari: A Potential Source of Dietary Vitamin A

“…Residual cyanogenic compounds ingestion and its related health issues are of concern too. These compounds are known to inhibit the uptake of iodine, hence increasing the risk of iodine deficiency disorders (e.g., endemic goiter, hypothyroidism) among consumers (15)(16)(17). With goiter rate at 10% nationwide in Ghana (18), and as high as >56% in the upper regions of the country, the contributory role of low dietary intake of iodine as a result of ingestion of residual cyanogenic compounds cannot be underestimated (17).…”

Dietas Artificiais para a Criação de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…The inhibition of hatching of C. capitata larvae in the raw cassava-based diet is possibly due to the presence of antinutritional factors in this root, such as variable contents of cyanogenic glycosides (Kasankala et al, 2019). The low values of larval viability (LV) observed in the raw yam diet can also be linked to the presence of different harmful substances in this tuber, which include phenol, tannin, oxalate, phytate, and alkaloids (Abiodun & Akinoso, 2014).…”