-Introduction. Traditionally the control of fruit flies is based on the use of pesticides, which increase production costs and have led to many environmental concerns. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of neem cake on the larval and pupal stages of Ceratitis capitata. Materials and methods. Third instar larvae were transferred to plastic vials with neem cake in different proportions. The treatments consisted of vermiculite with neem cake in the concentrations: control (vermiculite only), then (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100)% of neem seed cake. The bioassay was completely randomized, with six treatments, ten replicates and ten third instar larvae per replicate. The results were statistically analyzed. Results. At concentrations of 75% or more of neem cake in vermiculite, practically no adult flies emerged. At 50%, more than 80% of the adults did not emerge and the pupal period was prolonged. The sex ratio of the adults was not affected after the contact of the pupae with the neem cake. The estimated lethal concentrations to kill 50% and 90% of the population were 30.6% and 51.6%, respectively. Conclusion. The neem seed cake has contact actions against the larval-pupal stage of C. capitata. Neem seed cake in the pupation substrate can cause high mortality when its concentration is 50% or more, and it prolongs the delay of the pupal period of C. capitata.Brazil / Azadirachta indica / Ceratitis capitata / Tephritidae / insect control / botanical pesticides / biological control Effet toxique du tourteau de graines de neem sur le stade prépupe de la mouche des fruits méditerranéenne (Diptera: Tephritidae).Résumé -Introduction. Traditionnellement, le contrôle de la mouche des fruits est basé sur l'utilisation de pesticides, ce qui augmente les coûts de production et conduit à de nombreux problèmes environnementaux. Notre étude a cherché à évaluer l'effet du tourteau de neem sur les stades larvaires et nymphaux de Ceratitis capitata. Matériel et méthodes. Des larves de troisième stade ont été transférées dans des flacons en plastique contenant de la vermiculite mélangée à du tourteau de graines de neem à diffé-rentes concentrations : le traitement témoin a été constitué de vermiculite seule ; cinq autres traitements ont été appliqués à partir de (10, 25, 50, 75 ou 100) % de tourteau de graines de neem ajoutés à de la vermiculite. Un bio-essai a été effectué selon un dispositif totalement aléatoire, avec six traitements, dix répétitions et dix larves par répétition. Les résultats ont été statistiquement analysés. Résultats. Dans les milieux contenant de la vermiculite à 75 % ou plus de tourteau de neem, pratiquement aucune mouche adulte n'a émergé. Dans les milieux à 50 %, plus de 80 % des adultes n'ont pas émergé et, pour ceux qui ont émergé, la période nymphale a été prolongée. La sex-ratio des adultes n'a pas été affectée après contact des chrysalides avec le tourteau de neem. Les concentrations mortelles de tourteau dans le substrat de pupaison estimées pour tuer 50 % et 90 % de la population de mouches ont ét...

The purpose of this study was to investigate native species of parasitoids of frugivorous larvae and their associations with host plants in commercial guava orchards and in typical native dry forests of a caatinga-cerrado ecotone in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Nine species of parasitoids were associated with larvae of Anastrepha (Tephritidae) and Neosilba (Lonchaeidae) in fruit of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (Rhamnaceae), Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), Spondias dulcis Forst. (Anacardiaceae), Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), and Randia armata (Sw.) DC. (Rubiaceae). Doryctobracon areolatus was the most abundant species, obtained from puparia of Anastrepha zenildae, An. sororcula, An. fraterculus, An. obliqua, and An. turpiniae. This is the first report of Asobara obliqua in Brazil and of As. anastrephae and Tropideucoila weldi in dry forests of Minas Gerais State. The number of species of parasitoids was higher in areas with greater diversity of cultivated species and lower pesticide use. The forest fragments adjacent to the orchards served as shelter for parasitoids of frugivorous larvae.

The state of Piauí is in a Cerrado/Caatinga transition area, which is known the richness of its fauna and flora. Therefore, this work aims to know the diversity of fruit fly species in cashew orchards and native forest fragments in the south-central region of Piauí. Fruit flies were collected in McPhail traps and by sampling fruits. The material collected from the traps and the fruits in the two areas were taken to the Laboratory of Phytotechnics from Campus Prof. Cinobelina Elvas at the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI/CPCE), municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil. In McPhail traps, six species of the genus Anastrepha: A. alveata, A. dissimilis, A. fraterculus, A. manihoti, A. obliqua, and A. zenildae were captured, of which A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, and A. zenildae were present in both areas. Anastrepha alveata, A. dissimilis and A. manihoti occurred only in the cashew orchard. In fruit sampling, A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, and A. zenildae infested wild-guava fruits, Myrcia tomentosa (Myrtaceae), in native forest. Anastrepha fraterculus, A. obliqua and A. zenildae were obtained directly from M. tomentosa fruits and from traps. The availability of host fruits is the factor that most influences the population fluctuation of fruit flies, mainly in the native forest area. Anastrepha manihoti is reported for the first time in the state of Piauí. This is the first record of A. fraterculus, A. obliqua and A. zenildae, infesting wildguava fruits, M. tomentosa.

We studied the interaction involving umbu, fruit flies and parasitoids in the Brazilian cerrado biome in Piauí state. The fruits were collected in Baixa Grande do Ribeiro and Uruçuí in the period from February to April 2013 and were analyzed in Laboratory. In this study is being published the first occurrence of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) in umbu fruits and two parasitoids, Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes, 1924) and Opius bellus (Gahan, 1930), in Piauí. Where 77.8 % of the fruits were infested by A. obliqua, with 149.4 pupae / kg (2.4 pupae / fruit) and the parasitism rate was 2.7 %. Natural parasitism is not very significant, however, less pupae were found in fruits with parasitized larvae, suggesting that the fly avoids oviposition. Additionally , it was found that the A. obliqua performs multiple oviposition in umbu during host selection and multiple infestations is a factor that increases the likelihood of emergence of A. obliqua during the colonization of umbu. The tritrophic interaction among S. tuberosa, A. obliqua and O. bellus was discussed.

Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) é um inseto polífago responsável por severos danos a fruticultura mundial. Estratégias de controle requerem estudos laboratoriais em que são demandadas grandes quantidades de indivíduos dessa praga, necessitando portanto, da implantação de criações massais. O sucesso dessas criações é dependente do uso de dietas artificiais, que representam um dos principais custos desse sistema. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de C. capitata sob diferentes dietas artificiais. A inoculação dos ovos de C. capitata foi realizado em dietas artificiais a base de batata-doce, cará, cenoura, jerimum e macaxeira, todos na versão crua e cozida, totalizando dez tratamentos, sendo a cenoura crua o tratamento controle. Observou-se as seguintes variáveis biométricas e biológicas de C. capitata: viabilidade larval e pupal, fecundidade, fertilidade e razão sexual, além dos tempos de pré-oviposição, oviposição e de vida dos adultos. Obteve-se resultados promissores com batata-doce e jerimum, proporcionando insetos maiores e mais pesados, boa fecundidade e fertilidade, maior tempo de oviposição e maior longevidade, cujos resultados foram semelhantes ou superiores aos obtidos com a dieta a base de cenoura crua. Em contraste, a dieta a base de macaxeira crua não permitiu a eclosão das larvas. Resultados insatisfatórios também foram obtidos com as dietas a base de cará, tanto cru como cozido, o que inviabiliza sua recomendação para utilização em dietas artificiais para esse inseto. As dietas artificiais derivadas de jerimum e batata-doce, crus ou cozidos, se mostram eficientes como substitutos da cenoura em dietas artificiais de C. capitata.