Antioxidant actions of thymol, carvacrol, 6-gingerol, zingerone and hydroxytyrosol

Aeschbach, Robert; Löliger, J.; Scott, Brigitte; Murcia, A; Butler, J. A. V.; Halliwell, Barry; Aruoma, Okezie I.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(84)90033-4

Cited by 716 publications

(437 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This parabolic trend may be due to autooxidation of the compounds at concentrations 10 lM, as reported in a similar study with lycopene. 18 Further, in a bleomycin assay, hydroxytyrosol has been reported to have pro-oxidant effects at a concentration of 0.01% (w/v), 19 which may account for the parabolic dose respond effect in our invasion assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Inhibitory effects of olive oil phenolics on invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro

Hashim

Rowland

McGlynn

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Studies in human, animal and cellular systems suggest that phenols from virgin olive oil are capable of inhibiting several stages in carcinogenesis, including metastasis. The invasion cascade comprises cell attachment to extracellular matrix components or basement membrane, degradation of basement membrane by proteolytic enzymes and migration of cells through the modified matrix. In the present study, we investigated the effect of phenolics extracted from virgin olive oil (OVP) and its main constituents: hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), tyrosol (p-hydroxyphenylethanol), pinoresinol and caffeic acid. The effects of these phenolics were tested on the invasion of HT115 human colon carcinoma cells in a Matrigel invasion assay. OVP and its compounds showed different dose-related anti-invasive effects. At 25 lg/ml OVP and equivalent doses of individual compounds, significant anti-invasive effects were seen in the range of 45-55% of control. Importantly, OVP, but not the isolated phenolics, significantly reduced total cell number in the Matrigel invasion assay. There were no significant effects shown on cell viability, indicating the reduction of cell number in the Matrigel invasion assay was not due to cytotoxicity. There were also no significant effects on cell attachment to plastic substrate, indicating the importance of extracellular matrix in modulating the anti-invasive effects of OVP. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that phenols from virgin olive oil have the ability to inhibit invasion of colon cancer cells and the effects may be mediated at different levels of the invasion cascade. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: olive oil phenolics; colorectal cancer; invasion; adhesion; extracellular matrix In 2002, world cancer statistics for new colorectal cancer (CRC) cases were estimated to be more than 1 million, with more than 500,000 mortality cases. 1 Surgical resection is an effective treatment for localized disease, achieving a 5-year survival rate of 90%, but other normal treatments for metastatic disease remain ineffective. 2 Mediterranean countries have lower rates of CRC than other Western countries. 3 This has been attributed to a number of factors, one of which is consumption of olive oil. 3,4 Recently, olive oil phenolics have been shown to exert anticancer effects in a number of studies (reviewed in Refs. 5 and 6). Our previous study demonstrated that olive oil phenolics have the ability to inhibit initiation, promotion and invasion events in in vitro models of carcinogenesis. 7 Metastasis can be considered as a cascade of interrelated sequential steps. Cells must be able to disseminate from the primary tumor, invade the surrounding tissue, enter the circulatory system, evade immune responses, arrest at and colonize a distant site. 8 A 3-step hypothesis has been proposed to describe invasion of tumor cells: attachment to basement membrane or extracellular matrices (ECM), protease activity that induces local degradation of the matrix, and migration of tumor cells through the...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Inhibitory effects of olive oil phenolics on invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro

Hashim

Rowland

McGlynn

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…However, much of its antioxidant properties have been demonstrated in experimental in vitro systems (Aydin et al 2014). Carvacrol decreases peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes and is found to be a good scavenger of peroxyl radicals in the b-carotene bleaching (BCB) test and in DPPH and TBARS assays (Aeschbach et al 1994;Kulisic et al 2004). It has also been reported that isoprenoid such as, CAR, via posttranscriptional actions, suppressed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity in liver, the rate limiting step for the synthesis of MDA (Akkol et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carvacrol modulates oxidative stress and decreases cell injury in pancreas of rats with acute pancreatitis

et al. 2015

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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered as major problem around the world and the incidence of AP is increasing. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenic phenol, has good antioxidant activity. This in vivo study was designed to evaluate whether CAR provide protection against AP that developed by pancreas injury. The rats were randomised into groups to receive (I) no therapy; (II) 50 lg/kg cerulein at 1 h intervals by four intraperitonally (i.p.) injections; (III) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CAR by one i.p. injection; and (IV) cerulein plus CAR after 2 h of cerulein administration. 12 h later, serum samples were obtained to assess pancreatic function, the lipase and amylase values. The oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and changes in main tissue antioxidant enzyme levels including SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. Additionally, oxidative DNA damage was determined by measuring the increases of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) formations. We found that the increasing doses of CAR decreased AP-induced MDA and 8-OH-dG levels. Moreover, the pancreas antioxidant enzyme activities were higher than that of the rats in the AP group when compared to the AP plus CAR group. In the treatment groups, the lipase and amylase were reduced. Besides, histopathological findings in the pancreatic tissue were alleviated (p \ 0.05). We suggest that CAR could be a safe and potent new drug candidate for treating AP through its antioxidative mechanism of action for the treatment of a wide range of disorders related to pancreas.

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“…Mechanism of this antimutagenic effect may be due to its antioxidant nature as reported by Aeschbach et al (1994). Mechanism of antimicrobial effects of carvacrol was suggested to be dependent on its ability to change membrane lipids and permeability of ion channels (Ultee et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In addition to its characteristic flavor, many essential oils and especially carvacrol have been shown to exhibit a range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal (Didry et al 1994;Thompson 1996;Ultee et al 1998), analgesic (Aydin et al 1996) and antioxidant (Aeschbach et al 1994;Puertas-Mejia et al 2002) activities. It has been shown that carvacrol interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane by its own hydroxyl group and changes the permeability of membrane for protons and potassium ions to exert the antibacterial, antifungal activities (Ultee et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Carvacrol on Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Human Lymphocyte Cultures

2003

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Carvacrol is a predominant aromatic compound in oil of oregano. It has naturally remarkable antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasital effects. In this study, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of carvacrol were investigated by the in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay on human peripheral blood lymphocytes.The genotoxicity test was performed with carvacrol in two donors. On the other hand, inhibitory effect of carvacrol was tested in the presence of mitomycin C (MMC) in the same assay. According to data, all doses of carvacrol did not increase the formation of SCE, whereas it inhibited the rate of SCE induced by MMC. In conclusion, carvacrol exhibited a significant antigenotoxic activity in mammalian cells, indicating its potential for use as an antigenotoxic agent.Abbreviations: BrdU -5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine; DMSO -dimethyl sulfoxide; GC-MS -gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; MMC -mitomycin C; SCE -Sister chromatid exchange

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Antioxidant actions of thymol, carvacrol, 6-gingerol, zingerone and hydroxytyrosol

Cited by 716 publications

References 11 publications

Inhibitory effects of olive oil phenolics on invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro

Inhibitory effects of olive oil phenolics on invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro

Carvacrol modulates oxidative stress and decreases cell injury in pancreas of rats with acute pancreatitis

Effects of Carvacrol on Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Human Lymphocyte Cultures

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