Antioxidant activities and molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extracts ofBaccharispropolis andEucalyptuspropolis in RAW64.7 cells

Abstract

Context Numerous studies have reported that propolis possesses strong antioxidant activities. However, their antioxidant molecular mechanisms are unclear. Objective We utilize ethanol extracts of Chinese propolis (EECP) as a reference to compare ethanol extracts of Eucalyptus propolis (EEEP) with ethanol extracts of Baccharis propolis (EEBGP) based on their antioxidant capacities and underlying molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods HPLC and chemical analysis are utilized to evaluate compositions and antioxidant activities. ROS-eliminating effects of EEBGP (20-75 mg/mL), EEEP (1.25-3.75 mg/mL) and EECP (1.25-5 mg/mL) are also determined by flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, we compared antioxidant capacities by determining their effects on expressions of antioxidant genes in RAW264.7 cells with qRT-PCR, western blot and confocal microscopy analysis. Results EEBGP mainly contains chlorogenic acid (8.98 ± 0.86 mg/g), kaempferide (11.18 ± 8.31 mg/g) and artepillin C (107.70 ± 10.86 mg/g), but EEEP contains 10 compositions, whereas EECP contains 17 compositions. Meantime, although EEEP shows DPPH (IC 50 19.55 ± 1.28), ABTS (IC 50 20.0 ± 0.31) and reducing power (2.70 ± 0.08 mmol TE/g) better than EEBGP's DPPH (IC 50 43.85 ± 0.54), ABTS (IC 50 38.2 ± 0.33) and reducing power (1.53 ± 0.05 mmol TE/g), EEBGP exerts much higher ROS inhibition rate (40%) than EEEP (under 20%).

Effect of Green and Brown Propolis Extracts on the Expression Levels of microRNAs, mRNAs and Proteins, Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

“…On the whole, these results are consistent with those obtained in different conditions by Zhang et al which showed that brown propolis exerts radical scavengering and reducing activities, and is able to induce the nuclear translocation of NFE2L2, which, in turn, can activate the translation of antioxidant genes and phase II detoxication genes, such as HO-1 and GCLM [ 42 ].…”

Bioactive components, antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties (on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells) of soaked and germinated purple rice extracts

“…This was followed by the capacity to scavenge the DPPH radicals. These properties could be attributed to be as a result of TPC, TFC and anthocyanin which are considered as the most dominant compounds found in the rice extracts (Zhang et al, 2016;Rahman et al, 2017). Although the antioxidant capacity observed in DPPH radical scavenging assay was much lower than those of ABTS and FRAP, all assays exhibited similar trends of results.…”

Brazilian green propolis suppresses acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular necrosis by modulating inflammation-related factors in rats

“…BGP is used in traditional drugs or supplements because it has a wide range of beneficial biological activities including antibiotic, antivirus, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects 2 , 3 . Previous studies have shown that EEBGP and its major ingredient, artepillin C, directly eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as radical scavengers and induce the activity of antioxidative enzymes in vitro 4 , 5 , 6 . Oral administration of EEBGP prevented hepatic damage induced by α-naphthyl-isothiocyanate 7 or water immersion restraint stress in rats 8 .…”