Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Fruit By-Products

Abstract

Coconut is widely used as a food source in producing countries, and during consumption, the waste that is generated needs to be reduced through by-products processing to ensure environmental sustainability. This study aimed to assess the functionality of by-products (endo- and mesocarp) of coconuts at early and mature stages. The aqueous and ethanolic (50 and 100% ethanol in water) extracts of coconut by-products were evaluated for the DPPH radical scavenging activity and subjected to linoleic acid-β-carotene system assay in contrast with synthetic antioxidants. Ultrasound-producing extract of young coconut mesocarp provided the highest antioxidant activity with a lower IC50 value (117 µg mL−1) than butylhydroxytoluene (BHT, 170 µg mL−1). Based on the linoleic acid-β-carotene system assay, the extract exhibited a higher antioxidant activity (1.25×) than tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, 200 µg mL−1); and comparable with butylhydroxyanisole (BHA, 250 µg mL−1). Therefore, extracts of coconut by-products, particularly the young mesocarp, can be an alternative natural antioxidant.

Impact of coconut kernel extract on carcinogen-induced skin cancer model: Oxidative stress, C-MYC proto-oncogene and tumor formation

“…Even, Pearson correlation analysis suggested a strong positive correlation between antioxidant activity of CKE with TPC (DPPH, R 2 = 0.87; H 2 O 2 , R 2 = 0.68) and TFC (DPPH, R 2 = 0.77; H 2 O 2 , R 2 = 0.77). Our findings are consistent with earlier research showing a co-relation between antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid compounds in a number of locally produced herbal extracts [ 74 ] and coconut fruit extract [ 75 ]. Additionally, we looked into the acute oral toxicity effect of CKE in accordance with the acute oral toxicity OECD/OCED (423) guidelines in order to assess the maximum dose limit of CKE in vivo [ 51 , 76 ].…”

“…2 G). According to these findings, there may be a correlation between the antioxidant activity and phenolic/flavonoid compounds of CKE, as suggested by yeni et al, 2021 and Leliana et al, 2022 [ 74 , 75 ]. Moreover, during in vivo acute oral toxicity studies, CKE demonstrated non-toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg body weight in mice.…”

Comparative Study of Pretreatments on Coconut Fiber for Efficient Isolation of Lignocellulosic Fractions

“…Coconut, a fruit with an annual world production of 62.41 million tons, is an important source of lignocellulosic material [10]. The endocarp (inner shell part), mesocarp (fibrous part), and exocarp (outer shell) of coconut comprise about 60% of total fruit weight and are residues with high lignin and cellulose content that can be valorized as material for sustainable bioenergy and bioproducts [11,12]. However, coconut processing industries primarily focus on extracting coconut meat to produce oil, desiccated coconut, coconut milk, and other derivatives, as well as commercializing fresh coconut for water consumption.…”

Effect of growing media and natural plant growth regulators on the growth of tea stem cutting

“…According to Leliana et al [4] coconut by-product extracts, particularly the immature mesocarp, can be used as an alternative natural antioxidant. Coconut water has the potential to have a substantial impact on human health due to its pharmacological activities as well as plant growth and development in vitro propagation [1].…”