Antioxidant activity of heme oxygenase 1 in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.(Indian mustard) under salt stress

Abstract

IntroductionAbiotic stress is a global agricultural issue that limits plant growth and yield. Amongst abiotic stresses, salt stress leads to significant crop losses worldwide (Greenway and Munns, 1980). Although natural salts are present in soil, their increased concentration affects plant growth adversely. Rao et al. (2008) reported that salinity affects about 932 million hectares of land globally. In plant cells under salt stress, Na + and Clions accumulate in cytoplasm and lower the external water potential, resulting in turgor loss (Binzel et al., 1988). It creates an imbalance of cellular ions that results in ion toxicity, or osmotic stress, followed by significant oxidative stress (Gosset et al., 1996;Goemez et al., 1999;Hasegawa et al., 2000). Together, these factors lead to decreased plant growth, development, and survival. Elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O 2•ˉ) , hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl (OH • ) radicals can critically disturb cellular homeostasis and standard metabolism through oxidative damage to protein, lipids, and nucleic acid (Baxter et al., 2007).Plants elicit a molecular response to prevent oxidative damage due to ROS production and adjust to the oxidative stress (Baxter et al., 2007;Demirkaya, 2014;Yaycılı and Alikamanoğlu, 2012). They have developed a multifaceted antioxidant defense with enzymatic molecules, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.6.4.2), and peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7). All these molecules play an important role in scavenging ROS formed during oxidative damage (Erdal and Çakırlar, 2014;Petrić et al., 2014).Recently, the role of heme oxygenase (HO, EC 1.14.99.3) has been recognized among plant defenses as a catalyst for the oxidation of heme to biliverdin IXα (BV), CO, and

EsHO 1 mediated mitigation of NaCl induced oxidative stress and correlation between ROS, antioxidants and HO 1 in seedlings of Eruca sativa: underutilized oil yielding crop of arid region

“…Previous reports demonstrated that HO 1 plays an imperative role in antioxidant protection towards various abiotic stresses (Balestrasse et al 2005;Yannarelli et al 2006;Verma et al 2015;Santa-Cruz et al 2017;Mahawar et al 2018a). Zilli et al (2009) verified HO 1 stimulation under salinity stress in Glycine max leaves.…”

“…Tolerance index quantify the inhibitory effect of NaCl on the physiology of plant. The progressive increase in tolerance index at 75 mM concentration signifies the greater tolerance of crop towards NaCl at this concentration which is probably due to the increase activity of antioxidants including HO 1 at 75 mM (Verma et al 2015;Huang et al 2018).…”

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Brassica

“…reducing, metal chelating, lipid reducing and free radical scavenging activities [24,[28][29][30]. These also possess antioxidant enzyme activities as these have been found to enhance the activities of some antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase and ascorbate peroxidase [21,[31][32][33] ( Table 6). B. oleracea plants have been studied most for their antioxidant activities among the Brassica species and found to possess strong antioxidant potential in terms of reducing power and free radical scavenging capacity.…”

Nitric oxide mitigates salt-induced oxidative stress in Brassica juncea seedlings by regulating ROS metabolism and antioxidant defense system

“…In fact, the United Nation Environment Program estimated that approx 20% of irrigated agriculture land in the world is affected by soil salinity (Hasanuzzaman et al 2018). Salinity stress influences various physiological and metabolic pathways of the plant which mainly depends on concentration and duration of stress that eventually leads to a diminution in crop production (Verma et al 2015;Khator and Shekhawat 2019;Khator et al 2020). In plant soil, NaCl is the most prevalent and soluble salt and its elevated concentration incite two principal effects on plant; osmotic stress and ion toxicity.…”