Antioxidant Activity ofArtocarpus heterophyllusLam. (Jack Fruit) Leaf Extracts: Remarkable Attenuations of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Abstract

The present study examines the antioxidative, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jack fruit) leaf extracts (JFEs). The 70% ethanol (JFEE), n-butanol (JFBE), water (JFWE), chloroform (JFCE), and ethyl acetate (JFEAE) extracts were obtained. Both JFEE and JFBE markedly scavenge diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical and chelate Fe+2in vitro. A compound was isolated from JFBE and identified using 1D and 2D 1H- and 13C-NMR. The administration of JFEE or JFBE to streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 200 to 56 and 79 mg%, respectively; elevated insulin from 10.8 to 19.5 and 15.1 μU/ml, respectively; decreased lipid peroxides from 7.3 to 5.4 and 5.91 nmol/ml, respectively; decreased %glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (%HbA1C) from 6.8 to 4.5 and 5.0%, respectively; and increased total protein content from 2.5 to 6.3 and 5.7 mg%, respectively. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), VLDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio significantly declined by -37, -19, -23, -37, and -39%, respectively, in the case of JFEE; and by -31, -14, -17, -31, and -25%, respectively, in the case of JFBE; as compared to diabetic rats. HDL-C increased by +37% (JFEE) and by +11% (JFBE). Both JFEE and JFBE have shown appreciable results in decreasing FBG, lipid peroxides, %HbA1C, TC, LDL-C, and TG levels, and increasing insulin, HDL-C, and protein content. The spectrometric analysis confirmed that the flavonoid isolated from JFBE was isoquercitrin. We can conclude from this study that JFEE and JFBE exert hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in STZ-diabetic rats through an antioxidative pathway that might be referred to their flavonoid contents.

Hepatoprotective, Antihyperglycemic and Cytotoxic Activities of Jacaranda acutifolia Leaf Extract

“…In the current study, treatment of rats with TAM resulted in a 4-fold increase in TNF-α level. In accordance with our results, Omar et al reported that TAM administration to rats resulted in a significant increase in TNF-α level [34]. Additional support comes from the reports indicating that pathology of TAM-induced liver injury includes inflammation resembling that of alcoholic hepatitis [35].…”

Inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds fromArtocarpus styracifoliuson respiratory burst of rat neutrophils

“…Among these activities, the antioxidant actions of these polyphenols derived from Artocarpus species have been frequently reported in vivo and in vitro (Omar et al, 2011;Sidahmed et al, 2013). However, an evaluation of their effect on the respiratory burst of neutrophils has not yet been investigated.…”

Purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of <italic>Artocarpus heterophyllus</italic> Lam.

“…For instance, seeds can be used in the treatment for cooling tonic and pectorial, roots for diarrhea and fever, leaves for activating milk and vermifuge, and the latex mixing with vinegar for healing of abscesses, snakebite, and glandular swellings [13]. The jackfruit has been found to restrict the diseases, such as inflammation and diabetes mellitus because of the useful proanthocyanidin, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds [14,15].…”