Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of fermented red ginseng marc

Lee, Seung‐Hong; Oh, Mirae; Park, Jaehyun; Jang, Se Young; Cheong, Sun Hee; Lee, Hyungil; Moon, Sang-Ho

doi:10.1007/s10068-015-0085-0

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Panax ginseng has been used in Asia as a well‐known traditional medicine for thousands of years because of its anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐oxidant effects (Akash, Kim, Kim, Yi, & Cho, 2018; Lee et al, 2015; Kwon, 2017; Yu et al, 2017; Yun et al, 2004). Therefore, it is widely utilized as an ingredient in functional foods and medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 with wild Cordyceps sinensis and Ascomycota sp. and its antihyperlipidemic effects on the diet‐induced cholesterol of zebrafish

Sui

2020

J Food Biochem

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Biotransformation major ginsenoside into minor ginsenoside via microbial fermentation has been proposed as a viable option to produce minor ginsenoside, because of its biological activity superior to major ginsenoside. Cordyceps sinensis contains a complex enzymatic system and many ingredients with medicinal value that could be useful tools for biotransformation applications in the ginseng industry. Wild C. sinensis and Ascomycota sp. were collected from Changbai Mountain and identified. Analysis by UPLC‐MS and HPLC indicates that the underlying pathway of major ginsenoside Rb1 during fermentation with strains was Rb1→Rd→F2→CK and Rb1→Rd→Rg3. C. sinensis and Ascomycota sp. can be applied to minor ginsenoside preparation in the food and medical industries. The antihyperlipidemic effects of Rb1 were further screened from fermentation in larvae zebrafish based on the fluorescence intensity. In the adult zebrafish model, treatment with high‐dose ginsenoside Rb1 group exhibited a significant decrease in the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels by 36.49% (p < .05) and 29.97% (p < .05), respectively, compared with high cholesterol group (HC). Furthermore, ginsenoside Rb1 treatment decreased the mRNA levels of LDLR and SREBP2 in the adult zebrafish liver. Ginsenoside Rb1 diet supplement significantly increased the mRNA expression of HMGCR and CYP7A1. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates hypercholesterolemia via the downregulation of cholesterol synthesis and assembly or secretion of lipoproteins as well as the upregulation of cholesterol transport and efflux, providing a novel idea of ginsenoside keeping cholesterol levels down for the clinical application. Practical applications Wild Cordyceps sinensis has the potential to be applied to the preparation for minor ginsenoside. Furthermore, the final fermentation product has more functional characteristics, including cordyceps acid, cordycepin, and adenosine. Wild Cordyceps sinensis and Ascomycota sp. could potentially be employed in the food and medical industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 with wild Cordyceps sinensis and Ascomycota sp. and its antihyperlipidemic effects on the diet‐induced cholesterol of zebrafish

Sui

2020

J Food Biochem

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“…In previous reports, a common mixture of active ingredients was demonstrated to be ginsensosides [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The benefits of ginseng are attributed to bioactive compounds, such as ginsenosides, volatile oils, polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and vitamins [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. In previous reports on physiological functions, ginseng exhibited anti-cancer [ 11 ], immunomodulatory [ 12 ], and antidiabetic [ 13 ] effects, and cardiovascular improvement [ 14 ] in delivering ginseng ginsenosides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changbai Mountain Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) Extract Supplementation Improves Exercise Performance and Energy Utilization and Decreases Fatigue-Associated Parameters in Mice

Ma¹,

Chiu

Hsu

et al. 2017

Molecules

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Changbai Mountain Ginseng (CMG, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) is a traditional medicine commonly found in Northeast China and grows at elevations of 2000 m or higher in the Changbai Mountain Range. CMG, considered to be a “buried treasure medicine”, is priced higher than other types of ginseng. However, few studies have demonstrated the effects of CMG supplementation on exercise performance, physical fatigue, and the biochemical profile. The major compound of CMG extract was characterized by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Male ICR mice were divided into 3 groups, the vehicle, CMG-1X and CMG-5X groups (n = 8 per group), and respectively administered 0, 5, or 25 mg/kg/day of CMG extract orally for four weeks. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS results showed that the major compound in CMG extract is ginsenoside Ro. CMG extract significantly increased muscle weight and relative muscle weight (%). CMG extract supplementation dose-dependently increased grip strength (p < 0.0001) and endurance swimming time, decreased levels of serum lactate (p < 0.0001), ammonia (p < 0.0001), creatine kinase (CK, p = 0.0002), and blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.0001), and economized glucose levels (p < 0.0001) after acute exercise challenge. The glycogen in the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly increased with CMG extract treatment. Biochemical profile results showed that creatinine and triacylglycerol significantly decreased and total protein and glucose increased with CMG treatment. This is the first report that CMG extract supplementation increases muscle mass, improves exercise performance and energy utilization, and decreases fatigue-associated parameters in vivo. The major component of CMG extract is ginsenoside Ro, which could be a potential bioactive compound for use as an ergogenic aid ingredient by the food industry.

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“…Ginsenosides have been found to be the major components of ginseng, which significantly contribute to its precious effects [9][10][11]. Based on their chemical structures, ginsenosides can be classified into three principal structural types, namely, protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, and oleanane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rh1: A Systematic Review of Its Pharmacological Properties

et al. 2018

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Supporting information available online at http://www.thieme-connect.de/products ABSTR AC TGinsenoside Rh1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. The objective of this study was to review the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 in a systematic manner. We performed searches on eight electronic databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Google Scholar, POPLINE, Global Health Library, Virtual Health Library, the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, and the New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report to select the original research publications reporting the biological and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 from in vitro and in vivo studies regardless of publication language and study design. Upon applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included a total of 57 studies for our systemic review. Ginsenoside Rh1 exhibited the potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. The cytotoxic effects of ginsenoside Rh1 were dependent on different types of cell lines. Other pharmacological effects including estrogenic, enzymatic, anti-microorganism activities, and cardiovascular effects have been mentioned, but the results were considerably diverged. A higher quality of evidence on clinical trial studies is highly recommended to confirm the consistent efficacy of ginsenoside Rh1.

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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of fermented red ginseng marc

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 with wild Cordyceps sinensis and Ascomycota sp. and its antihyperlipidemic effects on the diet‐induced cholesterol of zebrafish

Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 with wild Cordyceps sinensis and Ascomycota sp. and its antihyperlipidemic effects on the diet‐induced cholesterol of zebrafish

Changbai Mountain Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) Extract Supplementation Improves Exercise Performance and Energy Utilization and Decreases Fatigue-Associated Parameters in Mice

Ginsenoside Rh1: A Systematic Review of Its Pharmacological Properties

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