Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Melatonin in Alzheimer’s Neurodegeneration

Rosales-Corral, Sergio; Reíter, Russel J.; Tan, Dun Xian; Manchester, Lucien C.; Liu, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405933-7.00018-4

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…From the pineal gland melatonin is released into the cerebrospinal fluid; thus, it is available for providing in situ protection for the central nervous system. There is abundant evidence on the beneficial effects of melatonin on neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases . In addition, melatonin limits ischemia‐reperfusion injuries in the central nervous system .…”

Section: Melatonin and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection

Galano¹,

Reíter

2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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271

169

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Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.

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Section: Melatonin and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection

Galano¹,

Reíter

2018

Journal of Pineal Research

Self Cite

271

169

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“…There is abundant evidence on the antioxidant protection exerted by melatonin ( N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and related compounds [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Such protective effects can involve diverse routes including free radical scavenging [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], but also the deactivation of other oxidants [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] and the inhibition of metal-induced lipid peroxidation [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage

2018

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Oxidative damage to DNA has important implications for human health and has been identified as a key factor in the onset and development of numerous diseases. Thus, it is evident that preventing DNA from oxidative damage is crucial for humans and for any living organism. Melatonin is an astonishingly versatile molecule in this context. It can offer both direct and indirect protection against a wide variety of damaging agents and through multiple pathways, which may (or may not) take place simultaneously. They include direct antioxidative protection, which is mediated by melatonin’s free radical scavenging activity, and also indirect ways of action. The latter include, at least: (i) inhibition of metal-induced DNA damage; (ii) protection against non-radical triggers of oxidative DNA damage; (iii) continuous protection after being metabolized; (iv) activation of antioxidative enzymes; (v) inhibition of pro-oxidative enzymes; and (vi) boosting of the DNA repair machinery. The rather unique capability of melatonin to exhibit multiple neutralizing actions against diverse threatening factors, together with its low toxicity and its ability to cross biological barriers, are all significant to its efficiency for preventing oxidative damage to DNA.

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“…In fact, there is evidence that melatonin has beneficial effects on OS-related disorders that affect the brain [ 135 ]. Some examples are Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases [ 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 ]. This does not mean that melatonin’s protection against OS is exclusive to the brain.…”

Section: Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiating the Benefits of Melatonin through Chemical Functionalization: Possible Impact on Multifactorial Neurodegenerative Disorders

Galano

Guzmán‐López

Reíter

2021

IJMS

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Although melatonin is an astonishing molecule, it is possible that chemistry will help in the discovery of new compounds derived from it that may exceed our expectations regarding antioxidant protection and perhaps even neuroprotection. This review briefly summarizes the significant amount of data gathered to date regarding the multiple health benefits of melatonin and related compounds. This review also highlights some of the most recent directions in the discovery of multifunctional pharmaceuticals intended to act as one-molecule multiple-target drugs with potential use in multifactorial diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we discuss the beneficial activities of melatonin derivatives reported to date, in addition to computational strategies to rationally design new derivatives by functionalization of the melatonin molecular framework. It is hoped that this review will promote more investigations on the subject from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Melatonin in Alzheimer’s Neurodegeneration

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection

Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection

Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage

Potentiating the Benefits of Melatonin through Chemical Functionalization: Possible Impact on Multifactorial Neurodegenerative Disorders

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