Antioxidant and Antiadipogenic Activities of Galkeun‐Tang, a Traditional Korean Herbal Formula

Jeong, Soo‐Jin; Yoo, Sae‐Rom; Kim, Ohn-Soon; Seo, Chang‐Seob; Shin, Hyeun‐Kyoo

doi:10.1155/2014/763494

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…GGWE is a traditional herbal decoction that has been used to treat common cold, fevers, and inflammatory diseases in China, Japan, and Korea [ 10 , 23 ]. Experimental studies have revealed that GGWE has anti-viral, anti-allergic, antioxidant, and antiadipogenic effects [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 24 , 25 ]. Furthermore, GGWE was shown to reduce inflammatory mediators such as inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and NF-κB expression through the inhibition of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated microglial cells [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

et al. 2018

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Galgeun-tang water extract (GGWE) is used to treat various diseases such as the common cold, eczema and asthma in China and Korea. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of GGWE using a cigarette smoke (CS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced induced pulmonary inflammation mouse model. The mice were exposed to CS for a total of seven days (eight cigarettes per day for 1 h) and LPS was administered intranasally to mice on day 4. GGWE was administered by oral gavage at doses of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg 1 h before exposure to CS. GGWE decreased inflammatory cell counts, and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mice exposed to CS and LPS. GGWE reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa-B subunit alpha (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in CS- and LPS-exposed mice. Histological examinations revealed that GGWE suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration into lung tissue compared to untreated CS- and LPS-exposed mice. In conclusion, GGWE effectively suppressed CS- and LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. Our results indicate that GGWE may be used as a protective drug to control pulmonary inflammation diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

et al. 2018

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“…Previous work from other groups have also shown that IRAK1 inhibitors such as 2-hydroxy-5,6-dihydroisoindolo[1,2-a]isoquinoline-3,8-dione, mangiferin, and corosolic acid and the mixture of the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Coptidis chinensis exhibit anti-inflammatory activities when applied to in vivo endotoxemia and colitis animal models [25, 32, 40, 41]. Together, these results strongly suggest that IRAK1 positively regulates numerous inflammatory diseases and therefore has significant potential to be targeted in order to treat a broad range of inflammatory diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syk Plays a Critical Role in the Expression and Activation of IRAK1 in LPS-Treated Macrophages

Park

Son

Yoo

et al. 2017

Mediators of Inflammation

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To address how interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is controlled by other enzymes activated by toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, we investigated the possibility that spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a protein tyrosine kinase that is activated at an earlier stage during TLR4 activation, plays a central role in regulating the functional activation of IRAK1. Indeed, we found that overexpression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), an adaptor molecule that drives TLR signaling, induced IRAK1 expression and that piceatannol, a Syk inhibitor, successfully suppressed the MyD88-dependent upregulation of IRAK1 under LPS treatment conditions. Interestingly, in Syk-knockout RAW264.7 cells, IRAK1 activity was almost completely blocked after LPS treatment, while providing a Syk-recovery gene to the knockout cells successfully restored IRAK1 expression. According to our measurements of IRAK1 mRNA levels, the transcriptional upregulation of IRAK1 was induced by LPS treatment between 4 and 60 min, and this can be suppressed in Syk knockout cells, providing an effect similar that that seen under piceatannol treatment. The overexpression of Syk reverses this effect and leads to a significantly higher IRAK1 mRNA level. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that Syk plays a critical role in regulating both the activity and transcriptional level of IRAK1.

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“…Thus, antioxidant therapy is considered as an attractive approach to treat various human diseases [ 34 , 35 ]. To date, previous studies reported significant antioxidant activities of various herbal formulas such Galkeun-tang [ 36 ] and Samchulgeonbi-tang [ 37 ] by regulating the free radical scavenging activity were reported. The current study data revealed that UGS extract activate the free radical scavenging effects against ABTS and DPPH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABTS radical-scavenging activity of the UGS extract was assessed according to the previous study [ 36 ]. The ABTS radical cation was prepared by reaction with a 7 mM ABTS solution and 2.45 mM potassium persulfate, followed by keeping in the dark at room temperature for 16 h. The absorbance of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 0.7 at 734 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of the Traditional Herbal Formula Ukgansan and the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ferulic Acid as an Active Compound

et al. 2018

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Ukgansan (UGS), a traditional herbal formula composing seven medicinal herbal plants, has been applied in Asian countries for treating neurosis, insomnia, and irritability. Here, the current study performed a simultaneous determination of the seven marker compounds (liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, ferulic acid, glycyrrhizin, decursin, decursinol angelate, and atractylenolide I) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to establish quality control of UGS. A 70% ethanol extract of UGS and a mixture of the seven compounds were separated using a C-18 analytical column on a gradient solvent system of 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile. Data were recorded at a UV wavelength of 250 nm for glycyrrhizin; 276 nm for liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, and atractylenolide I; and 325 nm for ferulic acid, decursin, and decursinol angelate. The results exhibited high linearity (correlation coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.9998) and proper precision (0.38–3.36%), accuracy (95.12–105.12%), and recovery (95.99–104.94%) for the seven marker compounds. The amount of the seven marker compounds at the concentrations from 0.190 to 16.431 mg/g. In addition, the current study evaluated the antioxidant effects of UGS by measuring their scavenging activities against the 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals using in vitro cell-free systems and observed its antioxidant activity. Among the seven components of the UGS extract, ferulic acid dramatically enhanced the scavenging of ABTS and DPPH radicals compared with other compounds. The concentrations of ferulic acid required for a 50% reduction (RC50) in ABTS and DPPH radicals were 16.22 μM and 41.21 μM, respectively. Furthermore, UGS extract exerted the neuroprotective effect and blocked the inflammatory response in neuronal hippocampal cells and microglia, respectively. Overall, the established method of HPLC will be valuable for improving the quality control of UGS extract, and ferulic acid may be useful as a potential antioxidant agent.

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Antioxidant and Antiadipogenic Activities of Galkeun‐Tang, a Traditional Korean Herbal Formula

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

Syk Plays a Critical Role in the Expression and Activation of IRAK1 in LPS-Treated Macrophages

Simultaneous Determination of the Traditional Herbal Formula Ukgansan and the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ferulic Acid as an Active Compound

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