Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Bioactive Compounds from Rhinacanthus nasutus Cell Suspension Culture

Abstract

The potential benefits of natural plant extracts have received attention in recent years, encouraging the development of natural products that effectively treat various diseases. This is the first report on establishing callus and cell suspension cultures of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. A yellow friable callus was successfully induced from in vitro leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg/L 1-naphthalene acetic acid. A selected friable callus line was used to establish the cell suspension culture with the same medium. The antioxidant assays showed that the leaf- and ethanolic-suspension-cultured cell (SCC) extracts exhibited high antioxidant potential. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity revealed by the MTT assay demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects against the oral cancer cell lines ORL-48 and ORL-136 in a dose-dependent manner. Several groups of compounds, including terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, quinones, and stilbenes, were identified by UHPLC–QToF–MS, with the same compounds detected in leaf and SCC extracts, including austroinulin, lucidenic acid, esculetin, embelin, and quercetin 3-(2″-p-hydroxybenzoyl-4″-p-coumarylrhamnoside). The present study suggests the value of further investigations for phytochemical production using R. nasutus cell suspension culture.

Enhancing the Effective Chemotherapy: The Combined Inhibition of Rhinacanthin-C, 5-Fluorouracil, and Etoposide on Oral Cancer Cells

“…Combination Inhibition of 5-FU and Rh-C on Oral Cancer difference in sensitivity between the two cell lines. Our results are consistent with those of a previous study by Songserm et al, (2022) found the treatment of ORL-136 and ORL-48 cell lines with R. nasutus leaf extract for a period of 48 hours resulted in dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with an GI 50 value of 1.24 mg/mL for ORL-136 and 2.35 mg/mL for ORL-48. Similarly, Boonyaketgoson et al, 2017 found that naphthoquinones isolated from R. nasutus exhibited cytotoxicity against oral human carcinoma (KB cell line) with GI 50 values ranging from 11.66-41.77 μM (Boonyaketgoson et al, 2018).…”

Obtaining 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran and 3-Epilupeol from Ageratina pichinchensis (Kunth) R.King & Ho.Rob. Cell Cultures Grown in Shake Flasks under Photoperiod and Darkness, and Its Scale-Up to an Airlift Bioreactor for Enhanced Production

“…Cell suspension cultures have demonstrated to be suitable for improving the cell growth, producing a higher yield of biomass and not only higher contents but also great variety of bioactive molecules [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], when cell cultures are submitted to photoperiod conditions [ 62 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Similar results have been reported in cell suspension cultures for the production of antioxidant compounds in Melastoma malabathricum [ 84 ], lignans in Linum usitatissimum [ 85 ], and alkaloids in Hyoscyamus muticus [ 86 ], where higher contents were achieved when cultured under photoperiod conditions.…”