Antioxidant and Cellular Protective Effects against Oxidative Stress of Calendula officinalis Flowers Extracts in Human Skin Cells

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and cellular protective effects against oxidative stress on human skin cells in 50% ethanol extract and its fractions of Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis) flowers. We measured the antioxidant effects of 50% ethanol extract and its fractions of C. officinalis flowers on the free radical scavenging activity (FSC50), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC50) and the inhibition of intracellular ROS generation in human skin cells. These results showed that the antioxidant effect of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction was more than the 50% ethanol extract of C. officinalis flowers. We also investigated the cellular protective activity and the results showed that treatment of the ethyl acetate fraction (0.05 -3.13 µg/mL) protects human skin cells in a concentration-dependent manner when the skin cell damages were induced by treating them with H2O2. In addition, the aglycone fraction (1.56 -3.13 µg/mL) shows cellular protective effects on the UV-induced cell damages in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the fractions of C. officinalis flowers can function as a natural antioxidant agent of cosmetics in human skin cells exposed to oxidative stress by ROS scavenging effects.

Antimelanogenic and Antimigration Properties of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Calendula officinalis Flowers on Melanoma Cells

“…In our previous study, we reported that EFC contains flavonoids and polyphenols . To further identify the bioactive compounds in EFC, HPLC and LC‐MS/MS were used.…”

“…The 50% ethanol extract was fractionated with ethyl acetate three times and concentrated with a rotary evaporator for 6 h to obtain an ethyl acetate fraction powder. Then, the dried samples were stored at—80°C in the refrigerator (Cosmetic R&D Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea) until use .…”

“…Modern pharmacological investigations have revealed that C. officinalis extract exerts anti-edematous (14), anti-tumor (15), anti-HIV (16), antioxidant (17) and skin-protective effects (18). In our previous study, the ethyl acetate fraction of C. officinalis (EFC), which contains an abundance of polyphenols and flavonoids, showed higher antioxidant and cytoprotective effects than did the crude extract (19). However, to our knowledge, the impact of C. officinalis or EFC on melanoma and the mechanism have not been clarified.…”

Inhibitory Effects of Collagen Coated Coffee Bean Intake on Skin Aging

“…In addition, UV irradiation to the skin activates collagenases within the skin, which degrades collagen that contributes to the elasticity of the skin, and accelerates the dryness and aging of the skin (Imokawa et al, 2015). As these studies show, excessive oxidative stress generated by continuous exposure to UV light cuts the chains of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid and accelerates the creation of melanin, which reduces skin elasticity and causes skin aging along with wrinkles and pigmentation (Ha et al, 2015;Xuan et al, 2016). The increasing activity of keratinocytes caused by UVB irradiation induces the creation of cytokines, and activates fibroblasts, generating cytokines and the expression of MMP -1 proteins (Kim et al, 2018).…”

Suspension culture of stem cells established of Calendula officinalis L.

“…Calendula possesses many phytochemicals and pharmacological activities to be considered an excellent source of new drugs 2 . Many of these bioactive substances find application as antioxidants in cosmetics 3 . Extracts from calendula protect cells against UV radiation, stimulate skin cell regeneration, and improve skin elasticity 4 .…”