Antioxidant and Metabolite Profiling of North American and Neotropical Blueberries Using LC-TOF-MS and Multivariate Analyses

Abstract

There are many neotropical blueberries, and recent studies have shown that some have even stronger antioxidant activity than the well-known edible North American blueberries. Antioxidant marker compounds were predicted by applying multivariate statistics to data from LC-TOF-MS analysis and antioxidant assays of 3 North American blueberry species (Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium angustifolium, and a defined mixture of Vaccinium virgatum with V. corymbosum) and 12 neotropical blueberry species (Anthopterus wardii, Cavendishia grandifolia, Cavendishia isernii, Ceratostema silvicola, Disterigma rimbachii, Macleania coccoloboides, Macleania cordifolia, Macleania rupestris, Satyria boliviana, Sphyrospermum buxifolium, Sphyrospermum cordifolium, and Sphyrospermum ellipticum). Fourteen antioxidant markers were detected, and 12 of these, including 7 anthocyanins, 3 flavonols, 1 hydroxycinnamic acid, and 1 iridoid glycoside, were identified. This application of multivariate analysis to bioactivity and mass data can be used for identification of pharmacologically active natural products and may help to determine which neotropical blueberry species will be prioritized for agricultural development. Also, the compositional differences between North American and neotropical blueberries were determined by chemometric analysis, and 44 marker compounds including 16 anthocyanins, 15 flavonoids, 7 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 5 triterpene glycosides, and 1 iridoid glycoside were identified.

Characterisation of water-soluble proanthocyanidins of Pyracantha fortuneana fruit and their improvement in cell bioavailable antioxidant activity of quercetin

“…PCs were found to have direct effects on the intestinal mucosa and protect it against oxidative stress or the actions of carcinogens (Nandakumar, Singh, & Katiyar, 2008). PCs are increasingly used as natural food nutrient additives, functional antioxidants, pharmacological agents (Fernandez & Labra, 2013) fromblueberry (Ma et al, 2013), cranberry (Pappas & Schaich, 2009), pine bark extracts (Jerez, Tourino, Sineiro, Torres, & Nunez, 2007), Pyracantha fortuneana fruits (PFF) (Zhao et al, 2013), and other dark-coloured fruits (Wu, Dastmalchi, Long, & Kennelly, 2012;Wu et al, 2013).…”

METABOLOMICS UNRAVEL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAMEROON Dura AND DELI Dura OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) GENETIC BACKGROUNDS AGAINST BASAL STEM ROT

“…Besides the exact masses provided by the MS software, tandem MS (MS 2 ) spectra from the CID experiments provided additional hints on the structure of the compounds. MS and MS 2 data were instrumental in the tentative identification of the metabolite constituents (Ma et al, 2013). Further confirmation and identification of the characteristic fragments of the ions were done using in silico fragmentation for computer-assisted identification of the metabolite mass spectra from MetFrag.…”

Differential iridoid production as revealed by a diversity panel of 84 cultivated and wild blueberry species

“…virgatum (Table 1). Previous work by Ma et al, (2013) [26] did not detect gardenoside in the fruit of any North American blueberry species ( V . corymbosum , V .…”

“…Previous work reported the iridoid compound gardenoside in fruit tissue of neotropical blueberries [26], the iridoid glycoside monotropein in fruit juice of cranberry (American and European), lignonberry, and bilberry [27], and a compound similar to monotropein in green tissues, stems, and/or fruit of European cranberry, lingonberry, and bilberry [28] (Table 1). A recent survey of iridoid glycosides in four Vaccinium species found 14 different iridoid glycoside compounds in fruits and/or fruit juice of V .…”

“…angustifolium (lowbush blueberry). One limitation of all of these studies is that only a single cultivar of highbush blueberry was surveyed [26, 29], limiting the diversity of cultivated blueberry germplasm represented in previous work.…”