Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Activities of Aqueous Extract of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam Bark

Abstract

Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam is a multipurpose tree used by the Nepalese indigenous people for medicinal purposes such as rheumatism, asthma, and ulcer and other purposes such as cooking and lighting. However, there is no scientific evidence for the medicinal uses of this plant. The present study aimed to explore the phytochemical constituents, estimate the total phenolic content, evaluate antioxidant activity, and investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of aqueous extract of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam bark (ADBB). Phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay. For the in vivo studies, the plant extract was given in three different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) to male albino Wistar rats. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were carried out using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and the hot plate method, respectively. Results revealed the presence of different phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, and carbohydrates together with a considerable amount of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant assays indicated the potent antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. The higher dose of D. butyracea (200 mg/kg) exhibited a maximum and significant inhibition (53.20%) of rat hind paw edema volume at 4 h and showed a greater increment in latency time (12.15 ± 1.81 sec) in the hot plate test at 120 min. The present study demonstrated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic potential of ADBB, which supports its traditional medicinal use.

Study of Antibacterial Activity of Root Bark, Leaves, and Pericarp Extracts of Diploknema butyracea and Evaluation of Prospective Antioxidant Activity

“…The DPPH radical absorbs UV radiations at 517 nm. The radical scavenging activity was determined by monitoring the decrease in absorbance [ 22 , 29 ]. Among three individual parts, our investigation flaunted that D. butyracea methanolic root bark extract exhibited the highest capacity to reduce the DPPH free radical (90.52 ± 0.13%) even at the concentration of 200 µ g/ml and the lowest scavenging capacity was exhibited by hexane pericarp extract (18.18 ± 0.2% at 1000 µ g/ml).…”

“…Interestingly, the IC 50 value of methanolic root bark (6.1 µ g/ml) was reported to be almost similar to that of standard ascorbic acid (5.15 µ g/ml). The IC 50 value of the D. butyracea aqueous stem bark was determined to be 8.43 µ g/ml in previous research [ 22 ]. In a former study, IC 50 of the methanolic pericarp (104 µ g/ml) [ 20 ] was found almost similar to this study (111.3 µ g/ml).…”

“…Besides, different feeding deterrent saponins, MI-III and MI-I [ 18 ], and aromatic components such as methyl-2-furoate, heptane, 3,4-dimethyl-1,2- cyclopentadiene, lauryl alcohol, and trans,trans-2,4-heptagonal are also present in the fruit [ 19 ]. Diverse pharmacological effects such as the antioxidant effect of fruit pulp [ 20 ], antifungal activity of seed extract [ 21 ], anti-inflammatory effect [ 22 ], and antibacterial activity [ 23 ] of stem bark extract along with feeding deterrent and insect growth inhibitory effect of seed extract [ 18 ] have been reported for this plant. However, there is no scientific claim on the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of D. butyracea pericarp, root bark, and leaves till date.…”

Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Potential of Leaves Extract of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. from Nepal

“…Screening. e hydroethanolic extract of S. pinnata leaves was tested for potential chemical constituents through preliminary phytochemical screening using standard methods [19,20].…”

Chiuri (Aesandra butyracea) and Beekeeping for Sustainable Livelihoods of Chepang Community in Raksirang-6, Makawanpur, Nepal

“…The species is also planted on margins of agricultural lands for fodder and to restore degraded lands or wastelands (Tewari et al, 2015). Chiuri has antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory potential supporting its traditional medicinal uses (Chhetri et al, 2020).…”